Biography, personal life, photos and creativity of Apollon Grigoriev

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Apollon Alexandrovich Grigoriev is an outstanding critic and poet. This personality became one of the brightest in Russian literature of the XIX century. But his theories remained a mystery to contemporaries and aroused the interest of poets and prose writers only at the beginning of the last century. The life and work of Apollon Grigoriev is the topic of this article.

Origin

The biography of Grigoriev Apollo Alexandrovich began in 1822 in Moscow. His father was a civil servant, and his mother was the daughter of a serf. For obvious reasons, it was not easy for the parents of Apollon Grigoriev to get permission for the wedding. The future literary critic was one year old when his mother was able to pick him up from the foster home.

Education

The early years of Apollon Grigoriev were cloudless. He received a good home education. His father paid much attention to his education. A brief biography of Grigoriev Apollon Aleksandrovich includes many moves from one city to another, constant searches and the desire to realize oneself in various fieldsactivities. So, as an adult, he was able to get a law degree, not without parental assistance. But the future poet refused to follow in his father's footsteps. Even after he managed to get a secretary position on the university board, he suddenly left the capital.

Petersburg

In the northern capital, Apollon Grigoriev's attempts to make a career as an official ended in failure. He was able to get a job in the Deanery Council, then in the Senate. But Grigoriev did not manage to stay in any of the positions for a long time. The reason for this was a restless and artistic disposition.

The first poems were published by Apollon Grigoriev in 1845. The biography and work of this poet and criticism during this period is not particularly remarkable. In one of the St. Petersburg literary magazines during these years, several poems and critical articles by a little-known author appeared. Literary critics remember their existence today only thanks to a later stage in the work of Grigoriev.

In 1946 the first collection of poems was published. But the young poet Apollon Grigoriev did not arouse particular interest among his contemporaries. Subsequently, he created little original poetry. Grigoriev achieved greater success in literary translation.

Even as a student, the hero of this article led a chaotic and riotous life. During his stay in St. Petersburg, he did not change his habits. And therefore, perhaps, he did not achieve here what he aspired to. Soon Grigoriev had to return to his hometown and settle down for a while.

Moscow

In the capital, Apollon Grigoriev began to teach jurisprudence. In parallel, he collaborated with one of the Moscow periodicals. During these years, Apollon Grigoriev led a relatively correct lifestyle. His personal life is connected with the surname Korsh. Lidia Fedorovna - Grigoriev's wife - was the sister of a famous literary figure. Marriage with this woman somewhat streamlined the life of Apollon Alexandrovich. In 1850, he headed one of the popular literary circles. But activities in this organization brought criticism and sad popularity.

His main idea was that art should grow exclusively on national soil. Sharp criticism of Apollon Grigoriev was directed at Byron's supporters and other foreign authors. At the same time, he often expressed his ideas in a poetic, but mediocre form.

The creative activity of Apollon Grigoriev grew in proportion to his unpopularity. Ultimately, vague discussions about national art so tired his contemporaries that his articles simply stopped being read. One of the few fans of Grigoriev's work, Fyodor Dostoevsky, suggested that he sign with a pseudonym. Only this step allowed the unlucky critic to draw attention to his work.

Time

Work in the magazine, whose editor-in-chief was Dostoevsky, allowed Grigoriev to take a relatively advantageous position in the literary field. In the second halfnineteenth century philosophical movement, known as "soilism" began to gain momentum. The Vremya magazine published works mainly by those authors who were adherents of this direction. One of them was Apollon Grigoriev.

The photo of the building where the editorial office of the Vremya magazine was located is located above. A significant period in the biography of Apollon Grigoriev was associated with this institution. But, as already mentioned, this personality was not distinguished by constancy. And therefore, the extremely romantic poet soon went to the Orenburg province. The belief in their biased attitude towards his work forced him to leave his like-minded people.

Orenburg

Arriving in this city, Grigoriev was imbued with the confidence that his true calling is teaching. The literary critic decided to devote his life to teaching the Russian language and literature. He took up a new business not without enthusiasm. But less than a year later, Grigoriev got bored with life in the provinces, and he again went to St. Petersburg.

Literary and theatrical bohemia

In St. Petersburg, Apollon Grigoriev began to lead a hectic life again. The consequence of his numerous frivolous acts was a stay in a debtor's prison. After the release, this addicted nature wandered from one magazine to another. Vremya was banned in 1963. And throughout the year, Grigoriev worked in the editorial offices of other literary publications, primarily as a theater critic. In this area, he unexpectedly achievedrecognition. When considering the next theatrical premiere, Grigoriev demonstrated a deep knowledge of the German and French schools. He made theatrical notes without the usual dryness for that time. Critical articles by Grigoriev in St. Petersburg cultural circles received wide popularity.

Sudden death

In 1964, the Vremya magazine resumed its existence. However, the name was different now. Work in the magazine, which is associated with a significant period in the work of Grigoriev, again inspired him. But alcoholism - a disease that the poet suffered - by this time had seriously undermined his mental and physical he alth. Apollon Grigoriev passed away at the forty-third year of his life.

The psychological portrait of Apollon Grigoriev, created by later authors, suggests that this man was extremely prone to depression. The spleen that accompanied him all his life was an integral part of his nature. He was extremely impractical and he was constantly possessed by irrepressible passions. All this did not allow Grigoriev to improve his personal and professional life. He could, but did not seek to attach his ideas to any particular literary movement. And so he felt acute loneliness all his life. The indiscipline that was inherent in Grigoriev's life was transferred to his work. That is why it was so difficult for contemporaries to perceive the literary works of this author.

Organic Criticism

This is the name he gave his philosophical thoughtApollo Grigoriev. Throughout his career, he was never able to formulate the foundations of his own worldview. They were unknown even to close friends and admirers. The last article of this extraordinary personality is called "Paradoxes of Organic Criticism". The essay was, as usual, unfinished. In it, the author tried to state his main idea. But here, too, he failed. In the last article, the author told about everything except the main subject.

Organic Criticism aroused Dostoyevsky's interest. The great writer invited critics to express their thoughts within the framework of one literary article, because he saw in them something new, talented and unique. However, the chaotic thoughts of an employee of the Epoch magazine did not want to line up in a theoretical doctrine. That is why the ideas of Apollon Grigoriev gained popularity much later, after the death of the critic.