Chistyakov Pavel Petrovich: biography and work of the artist

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

From this article you can learn about the biography of the artist Pavel Petrovich Chistyakov, whose creative path was very rich and fruitful. Having got acquainted closer with some of his canvases, the description of which is also available here, everyone will be able to realize the invaluable contribution of this person to the artistic world.

Artist biography

Chistyakov Pavel Petrovich - a famous portrait painter, genre painter, and also an outstanding creator in the genre of "historical painting". Date and year of birth - June 23 (July 5), 1832 Place of birth - Tver province. Rich in erudition and versatility of development, he owes much to his father, who was a man of simple origin, but at the same time understood the full significance of education. In the school of the Bezhetsky district, where Pavel Petrovich received his first education, he began to get seriously interested in drawing. Then Chistyakov was enrolled in the Imperial Academy of Arts. There he was trained in the class of historical painting by P. V. Basin. Thanks to excellent studies and gold medals for his work, the artist received permission toa trip abroad for a new creative experience.

In 1862 he went to Italy, where he began active work on several works at once. This period of travel and acquaintance with the culture of other countries and peoples significantly expanded the horizons of Pavel Petrovich. When the artist arrives in St. Petersburg in 1870, he receives the proud title of "academician".

With the advent of 1892, Chistyakov is honored to become a professor, and he is also appointed head of a workshop specializing in working with mosaics. After this appointment, he supervises work in the churches of the Resurrection of Christ in St. Petersburg and Christ the Savior in Moscow. Chistyakov dies in 1919, November 11, in a place called Detskoe Selo (now the city of Pushkin).

Pedagogical activity

Chistyakov Pavel Petrovich was an excellent teacher. Even before traveling to sunny Italy, he gave lessons at a drawing school. But the main activity related to education began to develop rapidly after he was awarded the title of academician and began working at the Academy of Arts. And he managed at the same time to conduct classes in his personal workshop, correspond with wards and manage private studios.

During the long years of teaching, Chistyakov created his own, never seen before "drawing system". He helped students learn to look at nature in such a way as to see how it seems and really exists, to feel and recognize an object, regardless of what is required.recreate on canvas, a complex plot or an earthenware jug. The basic formula of his system is a "living relationship to nature", and the main method of its knowledge is drawing. The number of Chistyakov's students was large, his best students must be named: V. I. Surikov, I. E. Repin, V. A. Serov, M. A. Vrubel, V. D. Polenov. It can be said that Pavel Petrovich Chistyakov did not fully reveal himself as an artist, but his contribution to the development of the pedagogical system was enormous.

Features of the artist's creative manner

Chistyakov tried to give his students not only technical knowledge, but also taught them to feel, think and think. And these foundations are laid in his work. Paintings by Chistyakov Pavel Petrovich are classified as "realism", but they have their own characteristics. They are conditioned by the way the author of these works himself taught and created. Pavel Petrovich believed that the most important thing in art is to know its laws, and drawing is the fundamental basis of art. But the drawing should not be so realistic, it is important for the artist to preserve the imagery and his own vision of objects and people to the details.

His portraits perfectly convey the character of the people depicted, their mood, and the characters themselves are drawn very technically, with interesting color rendition. As for historical painting, here Chistyakov uses such a compositional arrangement of figures that all canvases look very lively and atmospheric, with a realistic mood conveyed.

Painting "Patriarch Hermogenes refuses the Poles to signdiploma"

Hermogenes is undoubtedly a very important symbol for the Russian Orthodox Church, which reveres him as a guardian of the faith and a martyr who did not renounce Orthodoxy. The state praised him as a true patriot who boldly went to his death and did not agree to cooperate with the Poles, who encroached on the Muscovite state.

Recognizing Patriarch Hermogenes in the picture is not difficult: he sits in the left corner of the picture in a dark robe, with a gray beard and a raised hand. The Poles demand that the patriarch sign a letter, which probably refers to the recognition of the power of the invaders and complete submission to them. Hermogenes is categorical, he does not agree to sign this paper, as he is a true patriot. He raises his hand up, talks with God, from whom he seeks comfort and support. Colors, chiaroscuro, poses, facial expressions - through this Chistyakov conveys to us the atmosphere of that time, helping us to penetrate and feel the tension of the situation itself and all the time in which the plot of the picture develops.

Painting "Grand Duchess Sofya Vitovtovna at the wedding of Grand Duke Vasily the Dark in 1433 rips off the belt that once belonged to Dmitry Donskoy"

The artist Pavel Petrovich Chistyakov, whose paintings served as the beginning of such a direction as "realistic historical painting", works brightly and professionally in this genre. And this creation is the most telling example of this. The plot of the canvas is based on the history of the reign of Prince Vasily II the Dark. In the midst of the feast, Sofya Vitovtovna dared to accuse Vasily Kosoy, who was the son of Yuri Galitsky, of illegally stealing the famous golden belt of Dmitry Donskoy. She rushes to her nephew and tears off his belt, thereby inflicting on him the gravest insult both as a warrior and as a man. The Galicians leave the feast and on the way ravage the city of Yaroslavl, the possession of Prince Donskoy. As a result, the beginning of a civil war that lasted several decades.

Chistyakov perfectly uses various means of artistic expression in his painting to convey all the sharpness of this scene, the strength of the emotions of the people depicted and the conflict itself reflected on this canvas. The psychological development of images is what the artist aspired to, and he succeeded perfectly.