2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
The essay "Khor and Kalinich" is a real decoration of Turgenev's collection of stories and essays "Notes of a Hunter". He absorbed both the personal observations of the writer and his views on the social structure of the Russian "backwoods". This narration is profoundly truthful, as evidenced by its summary. "Khor and Kalinych" - a real image of folk life for a wide readership.
Problems of the work
This essay was relevant and timely. The fact is that in the time of Turgenev there was no unity in society in understanding the problem of “proximity to the people”. It was interpreted differently by the Slavophiles (who claim that the peasants are committed to the "old times" and are in opposition to the reforms) and bourgeois ideologists (who claim that the relationship between the landowner fathers and the peasant children is harmonious). The characterization of Khor and Kalinich clearly refutes these views.
Prototypes of the heroes of the essay
As is known from the plot of the story, a certain landowner of the Kaluga province, Mr. Polutykin, met the author of the story on the basis of a mutual passion for hunting. The heroes of the story "Khor and Kalinich" are real. In fact, the hospitable owner of the hunting grounds was called Nikolai Alexandrovich Golofeev. Ivan Sergeevich really got to know him on a hunt and stayed with him for several days. Moreover, after reading Turgenev's story and recognizing himself in it, Mr. Golofeev took offense at Ivan Sergeevich.
The image of a prosperous serf Khor, a strong owner, an educated person, is real to the smallest detail. The current village of Khorevka, Ulyanovsk District, Kaluga Region, grew out of the former Khorya farm. Years later, Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet visited Khor, noting the cordiality and "Herculean constitution" of the eighty-year-old host, who "doesn't care about years." The owner of the farm always proudly showed Turgenev's work to the guests. He, of course, knew by heart its summary. "Khor i Kalinych" thus reflects real people and real facts.
Friendship of Khory and Kalinych
Khor is a calm, sensible family man. But he has no servants. A large friendly family of Khorya: six sons, as powerful as his father, build high spacious huts, run the household, help each other. Once the landowner Polutykin allowed him to leave the rural community, setting a dues of 50 rubles. founded hisKhor farm developed economic activity in such a way that it considered it fair to pay the landowner 100 rubles. If desired, he could pay off and become free, but he does not want this. For what? His element is earth and labor, and so it is always with him. He is by nature a rationalist, a business executive. Khor is well versed in society and legally.
This strong owner, ironically, has a real friend Kalinich, oddly enough, completely opposite to him. The latter lives as a bean. Kalinich does not know how to run a household, earn and save money. However, it has other advantages. He understands animals, knows how to handle bees, has psychic abilities that he uses for treatment. Completely different people Khor and Kalinich. The summary of the story, however, testifies to their close friendship. Thanks to Kalinych, the practical and sensible Khor receives, if necessary, assistance in handling pets, treatment with traditional medicine, and Kalinych receives support from Khor on everyday issues, where he is a layman. In addition, both of them are interesting interlocutors. Turgenev wrote in the story that he left their company with great reluctance.
Khorya's views on Russian society
Educated worker Khor refutes the views of the "experts of the people" of the Slavophiles, who ex alt pre-Petrine Russia and talk about the patriarchal nature of the Russian peasantry. A competent farm owner enters into a debate with them. He believes that Peter I in his reforms acted exactly as the presentRussian man. The essay included this lively popular view, as evidenced by the summary. “Khor i Kalinych”, through the lips of this real “owner of the land”, says that if a peasant needs to change something, he, having seen practical benefits from this, is not afraid to make changes.
On the other hand, the philosopher Khor in his development, views and spiritual world has long felt superior to the landowner Polutykin. He feels that he thinks deeper and runs the household more confidently. However, thanks to the natural mind, he is always respectful with his "master", although at his leisure he is not averse to making fun of him. Reflecting on the relationship between Polutykin and Khory, it should be recognized that this state of affairs, to put it mildly, is not linked to the bourgeois views on the landowners-fathers.
Conclusion
What should be noted after reading this summary? “Khor and Kalinich” is a story written on time and to the point. It caused a great public outcry and controversy. Belinsky, Herzen, Annenkov were delighted with the work. However, the story was not accepted by the Slavophiles, the Aksakov brothers. But the reaction of the censor E. Volkov, who saw a “harmful idea for the peasantry”, is especially indicative, arguing that in freedom he can be better than even a landowner.
Recommended:
Great Psychology Books: Understanding Yourself and Others
Everyone is interested in psychology, because you have to communicate with people every day. But some read books, while others simply gain communicative experience and draw their own conclusions. It is best to combine both approaches. But what books on psychology should you read to feel confident?
What is the landscape in the understanding of the artist and photographer?
Many aspiring artists and photographers are interested in what a landscape is and how to depict it correctly in their work. For a long time, this genre of art in the enumeration list occupied almost the last position. It is all to blame for the distorted understanding of people who represent the surrounding nature only as a background of the main picture. Today, ideas about the genres of art have changed dramatically, and now the landscape occupies a leading position
"The Great Gatsby": a summary of the novel and its main idea
The novel "The Great Gatsby", written in the spring of 1925, is really great. He did not bring fame to his author Francis Scott Fitzgerald during his lifetime
Summary of "The Life of Archpriest Avvakum" and the fate of its author
One of the most interesting monuments in ancient Russian literature is the famous "Life of Archpriest Avvakum". Its summary is an autobiographical story about the fate and deeds of the elder, about his faithful service to God
How to draw wind? Understanding together on the example of landscape and portrait
As you know, drawing is a creative process that, without inspiration and desire, cannot bring pleasure and the planned result. So how to draw the wind, because such a natural phenomenon is intangible? How to depict in your picture what cannot be seen? In order to answer this question, we need associative memories
