Russian writer Fyodor Abramov: biography, creativity and books of the author. Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich: aphorisms

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich (years of life - 1920-1983) - Russian writer. He was born in the Arkhangelsk region, in the village of Verkola. The family of Fyodor Aleksandrovich was peasant, with many children.

Childhood of Fyodor Abramov

Fyodor Aleksandrovich Abramov, whose biography is of interest to many readers today, lost his father early. From the age of six, he had to help his mother to do peasant work. Fedor Abramov graduated from the village elementary school as the first student. However, despite this, difficulties arose when entering the secondary school. The fact is that Abramov came from a middle peasant family. Therefore, he was not immediately transferred to the next class. Abramov began to try himself in literature as early as 9-10 grades. The first poem by Fyodor Alexandrovich was published in 1937 in the regional newspaper.

However, he did not immediately come to the idea of professionally engaging in literary activities. In 1938, he graduated from the Karpogory secondary school and entered the Faculty of Philology at Leningrad University.

How Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich spent the war years(biography)

The list of books dedicated to the life of Fyodor Aleksandrovich is impressive today. From them we learn that a few years after entering the university, he had to leave his studies, as the Great Patriotic War began. Fedor Abramov in 1941 signed up for the people's militia as a volunteer. He was wounded twice. For the second time, Fedor Abramov miraculously managed to avoid death. A year later, being on the mainland after the second wound, he visited his native village. Note that the impressions of the trip will become the basis of his future works. Abramov as a "non-combatant" was enrolled in the rear units. He worked as a deputy political officer of the company, trained in military machine-gun units. After completing his training, he was sent to counterintelligence "Smersh" (stands for "death to spies").

Continuing education, teaching and a book about Sholokhov

Abramov after the victory returned to the university, and then, in 1948, he entered graduate school. After some time, his biography was marked by a successful defense of his Ph. D. thesis. Fedor Abramov defended his work on the work of Sholokhov. Subsequently, the influence of this writer on Abramov will be noted by many critics. Fyodor Alexandrovich's article on cosmopolitanism in the literature of the USSR was published at the same time. He wrote it in collaboration with N. Lebedinsky. The article was directed against some Jewish literary critics. Abramov later became the head of the department of Soviet literature. He taught at Leningrad University. In 1958 FedorAlexandrovich published, in collaboration with V. V. Gura, a book dedicated to the work of Sholokhov. It is known under the name "M. A. Sholokhov. Seminary".

Features of Fedor Alexandrovich's creativity

The work of Fyodor Alexandrovich is closely connected with Verkola, with the Pinega region. In the village of Pekashino, the "prototype" of which is his native village, the action of many of his works unfolds. Abramov managed to create a kind of artistic chronicle. He showed how the fate of the Russian people was reflected in the life of one village.

The fact that Fedor Aleksandrovich Abramov addressed the theme of the village, offered a new look at the history of Russia for the literature of the post-war period, bordering on modernity, played a decisive role in the fact that Abramov was put among the most significant figures in the literature of the USSR 1960-70 -s. Fedor Alexandrovich in a new approach to creativity felt the closeness of his works to the works of V. Rasputin, V. Belov, E. Nosov, S. Zalygin, V. Afanasyev, B. Mozhaev.

"Brothers and Sisters" - a novel and a cycle of works

"Brothers and Sisters" is Abramov's first novel. It is dedicated to the life of the village during the Great Patriotic War. The novel was published in 1958. Abramov explained the reason for his appearance by the inability to forget about the feat that the Russian woman accomplished. In 1941, she opened a second front, perhaps as difficult as the front of the Russian peasant. This work will later give the name to the wholecycle. In addition, it will include 3 more novels: "Home", "Crossroads" and "Two Winters and Three Summers". At first, the author called his cycle "Pryaslins", bringing to the fore the story of the Pryaslin family from the village of Pekashino. However, this name narrowed Fedor Aleksandrovich's idea, so he replaced it with "Brothers and Sisters".

The cycle of works was created in order to challenge the point of view that dominated the literature of the 1940-1950s. The Russian village was considered by many authors as the land of prosperity. The work became a practical confirmation of the position expressed by Fedor Alexandrovich in 1954 in an article. Then he sharply criticized the works of S. Babaevsky, G. Nikolaeva and Yu. Laptev, recognized as exemplary by official criticism. Fyodor Alexandrovich made an important literary requirement - it is necessary to show the truth, even if it is impartial.

Essay "Around the bush"

Sometimes Abramov's thoughts about the Russian countryside, going beyond the limits set by censorship, turned out to be risky. As an example, let's take his essay "Around the bush", created in 1963. It is based on a story about how the day of the collective farm chairman went. This work was recognized by censorship as ideologically flawed. As a result, the editor of Neva (the magazine in which it was published) lost his job.

Two winters and three summers

Abramov in 1968 published his next novel called "Two Winters and Three Summers". It is dedicated to the difficultthe fate of Pekashin in the postwar years. Fedor Alexandrovich explores the life of the village in this work at different social levels. Both a simple peasant and a person appointed to manage people are of interest to him. The relief that the villagers hoped for did not come. Until recently, bound by a common goal, they were like "brothers and sisters." Now Fedor Alexandrovich compares Pekashino with a fist, in which every finger wants its own life. Hunger, unbearable state obligations, the lack of a well-established life lead the heroes of Fedor Abramov to the idea that something needs to be changed. Pryaslin Mikhail (a hero very close to the author) at the end of the work poses for himself the question of how to continue to live, where to go. The hopes and doubts of Pryaslin, who reflects on the future at the end of the work, are embodied in the image-symbol of a star that flared up and "crumbled".

Crossroads

The next novel we'll talk about is Crossroads, published in 1973. The action takes place in the early 1950s. This is also an episode from the history of the village of Pekashino. Fedor Alexandrovich notes new negative changes that have occurred in the character of the peasant. The policy of the state, which did not allow a simple worker to use the results of his own labor, eventually weaned him from working. It led to the fact that the spiritual foundations of peasant life were undermined. One of the main themes of the work is the fate of the leadercollective farm. He tried to change the established order to the best of his ability. The head of the collective farm decided to give the peasants the bread they had grown. This illegal act naturally led to his arrest. For the villagers, a letter in his defense, which they had to sign, became a serious test. Very few people in Beijing have been capable of such a moral act.

Home

The final novel in the "Brothers and Sisters" series is "Home". It was published in 1978. This work is dedicated to reality, contemporary to the author - the village of the 1970s. For Abramov, "home" is one of the most important concepts. It includes all aspects of human existence - the personal life of an individual family, the social life of the village, as well as the situation in our country as a whole. Fedor Aleksandrovich realized that the situation of the Russian people was unfavorable. However, he still looked for his representatives, thanks to whom it would be possible to maintain the hope that the primordially Russian character would be revived, and the dilapidated "house" would be rebuilt by history.

Publicism, novels and short stories

Fyodor Alexandrovich combined work on large works with the creation of short stories and short stories. Due to repeated reference to works, their writing sometimes stretched for a long time. For example, "Mamonikha" was created from 1972 to 1980, "The Happiest" - from 1939 to 1980, and "Grass-Ant" was written from 1955 to 1980. Fedor Alexandrovich in parallelengaged in journalism, and also appeared on radio and television.

Publicism, stories and novels are not inferior to novels. They also contain not only lamentation and sorrow for Russia, but also a relentless search for ways to revive the country, truth, and to reveal the he althy forces of the Russian nation. Abramov's best stories were written about all this: in 1963 - "Around the bush", in 1969 - "Pelageya", in 1970 - "Wooden horses", in 1972 - "Alka", in 1980 - "Mamonikha", and also during his lifetime, the unpublished "Journey into the Past" and the remaining unfinished story called "Who is he?". In all of them, as in Abramov's stories, the heroes are talented Russian people, diligent workers who want justice and truth, suffer and sometimes die under the yoke of their own delusions and harsh reality. However, they do begin to see clearly, often find answers to the questions of time, are able to comprehend the meaning of life and realize their responsibility for what is happening. The best books of Fedor Aleksandrovich Abramov have been written about all this. During the life of Abramov, some of his works did not reach the reader. Among the most important of them is "Journey to the Past". This is a story that was conceived back in the early 1960s. However, she was born only in 1989.

Clean Book

"Clean Book" - the last significant work of Fedor Alexandrovich. This is the result of his reflections on the fate of the motherland. This work, unfortunately, remainsincomplete.

1981. Fedor Alexandrovich works in the Arkhangelsk archive in the spring. He carefully studies the materials that are connected with the life of the region in the years preceding the revolution. At the invitation of A. Mikhailov, a critic, in the summer he went to Pechora - to the places where Archpriest Avvakum preached, wrote and was burned. After that, together with Dmitry Klopov (a photo with him is presented below), a self-taught artist and his friend, Abramov travels to places that are associated with the name of Maria Dmitrievna Krivopolenova, the great Pinezhan storyteller. She was supposed to become the prototype of one of the main characters of the new work - "Clean Book".

The writer's plans, however, were not destined to come true. Fedor Abramov was able to write only the beginning of the "Clean Book". Other parts remained in fragmentary notes, sketches, sketches. Nevertheless, the novel, even in this form, captures so much that, having reached the last pages, you forget that the work has not been completed. The characters are so accurate, the records are so compressed that one gets the impression of completeness, the integrity of the novel. The publication of the book, by the way, was prepared by Lyudmila Vladimirovna Abramova, the writer's widow.

Illness and death of Fyodor Aleksandrovich

Only close people knew about Fyodor Alexandrovich's illness. He underwent surgery in September 1982. The doctors said in April they needed another one. It was carried out on May 14, 1983. This operation, as the doctors said, was successful. However, on the same day Fedor Alexandrovichdied in the recovery room from heart failure. Fedor Abramov was buried in Verkol, his native village.

Memory of Fyodor Abramov

The memory of him did not fade away after death. And today his voice is heard in reprinted books, monographs and articles about him. Evenings of memory were repeatedly held in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk, Mariupol, Verkol, Kirov.

The well-known aphorisms of Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov testify to the fact that the memory of him has not faded away: "You can't learn to write poetry", "Everything great in art is singular", "One must be not a truth seeker, but a truth organizer" and others that are often cited.

His creativity is not forgotten. Numerous performances based on the works of Fyodor Abramov were staged. His works were staged on the stages of many theaters in our country. Among the most durable and best performances, one can note "The House" and "Brothers and Sisters" at the MDT (today - "Theater of Europe"). Their director is Lev Dodin.

Fyodor Abramov is a writer and counterintelligence officer who lived in a difficult time for our country. He was closely connected with the common people, cared about the fate of our country. Fedor Abramov raised important questions in his work. The author's books are known and loved even today.