2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Great Russian literature consists of a huge number of genres. One of the most interesting and most revealing is poetry. Famous poets of the 18th century had a significant impact on its development.
What is poetry?
This is a special kind of art, quite complex and multifaceted. Poetry is of great importance in world literature. From ancient times to the present day, it exists in various spheres of human life. It is enough to remember how the people sing joyful songs at the holidays, the texts for which were created by poets of the 18th century, the 19th and 20th. In the war, poetic lines and corresponding melodies raised the patriotic spirit of the fighters who fought for the Fatherland.
In the Middle Ages, serenading under the balconies of beautiful ladies was especially popular - in this way men confessed their love feelings. Russian and foreign poets of the 18th century (including Friedrich Schiller and Robert Burns) created such delightful masterpieces that in the next century there was a fashionable trend for noble gentlemen to recite poetry to their dear ladies.
Thanks to poetry it is possible to convey emotions, feelings and moodperson, his attitude to surrounding events. Lyrics, drama, a novel in verse and a poem stand out among poetic works. All of them, unlike prose, have other ways of organizing artistic speech. Today, despite the changed rhythm of life, different tastes and preferences, poetry remains a faithful companion of man.
The time when poetry appeared in Russia
Russian poetry originated in the seventeenth century. Speaking about the famous poets of Russia, we should mention the name of Simeon Polotsky - the first poet, a Russian professional poet. He owns solemn poems, which are rightly considered the prototype of the ode. Russian poets of the 18th century learned a lot from his most interesting works. Simeon Polotsky, being the main poet of his time, created two collections of syllabic poems. Another great merit of the poet is that he introduced Moscow to the dramatic art, composing three plays in the spirit of medieval mysteries. These plays were staged at the royal court.
Russian poetry of the 18th century
Russian poets of the 18th century used syllabic versification in their works. Thus, they continued the foundations and traditions laid by Simeon of Polotsk. Since the middle of this century, syllabic versification has been replaced by syllabic-tonic verse. The creators of the new poetic system were famous poets of the 18th century: Lomonosov M. V., Sumarokov A. P. and Trediakovsky V. K. Of the genres existing at that time, theypreferred a laudatory ode. The great scientist of Russia Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov was no less remarkable poet. Most often in his work he used iambic. In his opinion, it was the iambic that gave the poem a special splendor and nobility. He suggested using all kinds of rhymes in poetry.
Russian poets of the 18th century. List
- Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev.
- Aleksey Andreevich Rzhevsky.
- Alexander Petrovich Sumarokov.
- Anna Petrovna Bunina.
- Anna Sergeevna Zhukova.
- Andrey Andreyevich Nartov.
- Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir.
- Vasily Petrovich Petrov.
- Vasily Vasilyevich Popugaev.
- Vasily Lvovich Pushkin.
- Vasily Kirillovich Trediakovsky.
- Gavrila Romanovich Derzhavin.
- Gavriil Petrovich Kamenev.
- Yermil Ivanovich Kostrov.
- Ivan Semyonovich Barkov.
- Ippolit Fedorovich Bogdanovich.
- Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev.
- Ivan Petrovich Pnin.
- Ivan Ivanovich Khemnitser.
- Ivan Mikhailovich Dolgoruky.
- Ivan Perfilievich Elagin.
- Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov.
- Mikhail Ivanovich Popov.
- Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov.
- Nikolai Nikitich Popovsky.
- Nikolai Aleksandrovich Lvov.
- Pavel Pavlovich Ikosov.
- Semyon Sergeyevich Bobrov.
- Sergey Nikiforovich Marin.
- Yakov Borisovich Knyazhnin.
Principal differences between Russian poetry of the 18th century and Old Russianliterature
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in one sentence emphasized the new character of literature, which the poets of the 18th century brought with them. What were the cardinal differences of this century from previous stages in the history of literature? First of all, the author's principle was completely absent in ancient Russian literature. A huge number of writers were anonymous. Then there was impersonal literature, which corresponded to feudal ideology and religious consciousness. In this regard, ancient Russian literature resembles folklore, where the author's principle was also absent. There were great masters of their craft, but not artists with a bright and characteristic personality. During the Renaissance, the idea of personality arose in the West. At this time, a new literature appeared, where the author's principle came to the fore. In Russia, the idea of personality was born much later, in the great Petrine era. The poets of the 18th century and their works marked the beginning of a new period. Russian literature has received dynamic and rapid development. In just 70 years, such advances in literature appeared that took centuries to win in other countries.
The first steps of Russian literature of modern times
Three poets laid a solid foundation in one decade.
In 1729, from the pen of A. D. Cantemira published the first satire, which opened a whole direction. In 1735 V. K. Trediakovsky sets the goal of creating a nationally original literature and makes a reform of versification. The syllabo-tonic system proposed by the poet opened up the prospect of the development of Russian poetry. Its importance andwisdom, as well as wide opportunities were confirmed. Until now, this system is used by contemporary artists.
In 1739 M. V. Lomonosov creates an ode "On the Capture of Khotin", based on the reform developed by Trediakovsky.
The great Russian poet M. V. Lomonosov, with his work, radically changed the appearance and nature of literature, its role and place in the cultural and social life of the country. Our literature has asserted its right to exist in poetic genres and "spoke" to the reader in a completely new language. This was achieved by the poets of the 18th century. The Russian verses of these creators are so magnificent that for a whole century poetry occupied a dominant position. It is thanks to her that prose, which arose from the 1760s and flourished in the 30s of the 19th century, is successfully perceived. Then, when they lived and created their unique creations A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. After that, prose will take its first place in literature.
Conclusion
Thus, the poets of the 18th century made a great contribution to the development of Russian poetry. They used syllabic versification in their works. Thus, they continued the foundations and traditions laid by Simeon of Polotsk. The creators of the new poetic system were: A. D. Kantemir, M. V. Lomonosov, A. P. Sumarokov and V. K. Trediakovsky. Thanks to them, poetry occupied a dominant position for a whole century. The poems of Russian poets of the 18th century are magnificent. They won the hearts of many readers.
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