The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region: animals and plants

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region is a special document that records rare and endangered animals and plants of the region. It is interesting that a similar list previously existed, but it included the inhabitants of the entire Middle Urals. However, since 2006, the Sverdlovsk region has its own growing list. Unauthorized extraction of animals and the use of plants from it is strictly punished by the law of the country. Who does the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region include? Animals and plants, their photos - this is the topic of this article. The Sverdlovsk Ministry of Natural Resources oversees work on compliance with the document.

Plants

The Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region includes a large list of representatives of the plant world. Let's analyze the main representatives.

Cheremsha. It is also called the bow of victory. The plant is quite tall, reaches 70 cm, with a rounded white-green inflorescence. Fruits in late summer. As a result, a box with seeds appears. Long-lived plant: there are cases when wild garlic lived for 40 years. Ramson is an excellent remedy for combating scurvy. Since ancient times, residents have been harvesting it for the winter, eating the leaves raw. Has aphrodisiac properties.

Lensky Burachok

Belongs to the cabbage family. The plant is low, maximum 20 cm, the stems are very stiff, prone to woodiness. The foliage has a grayish tint, while the inflorescence is yellow with fairly large stamens. Prefers steppe and forest-steppe.

Heather ordinary. Prefers pine forests and swamps. As a rule, it grows together with certain plants, forming the so-called moorlands. This evergreen plant is difficult to confuse with any other because of the bright purple small flowers that are strewn with the stem. Honey from this flower is especially good, it helps to cope with bronchial asthma, completely cleanses the body of toxins. Such honey is also indicated for kidney diseases. Limiting factors are associated with the drainage of swamps, peat extraction.

Ferns

Contains some types of ferns Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region. Animals and plants in it are recorded in a special way, there are also those that are included in the Red Book of Russia. And, for example, curly skrytokuchnitsa is included in many Red Books of the regions. This low fern prefers to grow among rocky slopes. However, limestone does not like, but prefers granite. It has bright greenery, which forms a low bush (20 cm). This plant is an excellent remedy for worms. Disappears due to mining activities carried out in the habitats.

Kostenets wall is also included in the list of specially protected plants of the Sverdlovskland.

However, it prefers limestone slopes, in contrast to the skrytokulnitsa. It is slightly lower than it, the leaves are rare, finely triangular, forming a kind of rosette.

Two species of Woodsia are also under threat: Asiatic and Graceful. Also favoring limestone surfaces, they cannot tolerate direct sunlight and excessive dampness.

Lichens

Among the lichens that the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk Region contains, it is worth noting the longest one. This plant has a very limited habitat: the valley of the Auspiya River. This lichen is an epiphyte because it lives exclusively on trees, but does not parasitize them, but simply uses the trunk to attach to it. The sleepy prefers to live on the spruce, winding it with its thin fibrils, similar to blond hair.

In terms of its beneficial properties, usnea can be equated with Icelandic moss. It is a powerful antiviral and antibacterial agent. However, it should be used externally for these purposes.

Another lichen - brown-black melanelia. Prefers to settle on wet stones, sometimes chooses trees. The thallus has a rounded shape, has a brown-black matte color. The diameter reaches 10 centimeters.

The main limiting factor for lichens is air pollution, because it is from the air that these organisms synthesize nutrients.

Insects

The Red Data Book of the Sverdlovsk region (animals and plants, photos of them are presented in this article) containsa large number of insects. Here are some particularly interesting views.

Mountain cicada. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that among the singing cicadas this one is the only one in the middle zone of the country. This iso-winged insect, 2 centimeters long, has a fairly strong body with a weak spotted pattern. The 20mm wings are transparent with black veins. Prefers to settle on flat steppe areas, well warmed up. Settles on shrubs or trees. The insect feeds on plant sap. The limiting factor is too long a development cycle: the larva needs to lie in the ground for 6 years before hatching.

The ant lion is a specially protected representative of the lacewings. The name of the insect was due to the way of life of its larvae: tearing out a funnel, they sit in it, sticking out their long jaws, and wait for an ant and a spider to slide along the edge of the sandy depression, which they immediately eat.

As a result, a three-centimeter long insect grows out of the larva. Prefers lichen pine forests. The limiting factor is the development of forests, as a result of which habitats for larvae are destroyed.

Fish and reptiles

The Red Data Book of the Sverdlovsk Region protects fish and reptiles in a special way. So, it included tugun and nelma - two endangered fish, both - inhabitants of the Arctic Ocean basin. The first belongs to the whitefish order, 20 cm long, which has a commercial value, which is why there was a decrease in the number. The second belongs to the salmon order, more than a meter long. Problemslimiting factor associated with low reproduction.

The brittle spindle is a special lizard, it has no legs.

It is quite long - 50 cm. However, like all lizards, it can throw off its 20 cm tail. She is confused with another representative of the Red Book, copperhead. This snake of the genus of snakes is of small length: rare individuals reach a meter.

Birds

What other classes does the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region contain? Animals and plants with a photo of her are the subject of our article. The class of birds is very numerous in the Red Book. Here are peaceful, insectivorous birds, and predators.

For example, the little bittern is the smallest of the genus of herons: a little over 35 centimeters in size. Interestingly, males can be distinguished by the characteristic "cap" on the head of black feathers. Also, its color is similar to olive, while the female is brown-buff. Lives in ponds with stagnant water, eating small fish. The reasons for the decline in numbers are the development of the coastline of reservoirs where the bittern lives.

Swans, mute and whooper, white stork, steppe and meadow harrier are also protected on Sverdlovsk land.

Partridge is a chicken.

Interesting in that by winter it changes its plumage to white, while in summer it has a grayish color. Lives on rocks covered with bushes.

Among the birds of prey, it is worth noting the hawk owl and the gray owl. The first differs in that it does not havecharacteristic "ears". Coloring - contrasting brown stripes across the entire body. The second has a coloring very similar to tree bark. Also does not have "ears" of feathers.

The main limiting factor for forest birds is massive clearing and draining of swamps, the main habitats and nesting areas.

Mammals

Among mammals, bats are of particular concern: there are seven of them on the list - more than half of all other animals. The reduction of the species is due to the fact that bats live in large colonies, respectively, the destruction of the place of their settlement leads to a sharp reduction in numbers. You can list the bats: brandt, mustachioed, water, pond, brown eared bat, northern leather jacket and nathusius bat.

Charming flying squirrel is included in the Red Book of the Sverdlovsk region (animals and plants). The description of the animal is as follows: a small animal that looks like a squirrel.

It is distinguished by a special membrane that opens when jumping from tree to tree. The limiting factor is the destruction of the forests in which the animal lives.

Representative of large animals in the Red Book - reindeer. Its disappearance is associated with a change in the snow cover: it becomes denser and smaller, which does not allow the animal to get food from under the snow and quench its thirst.

Also, from the order of mammals, an ordinary hedgehog, an otter and a European mink are protected.