2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Russian linguistics cannot be imagined without such a significant scientist as Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov. A linguist, literary critic, a man of encyclopedic education, he left a significant mark on the teaching of the Russian language, did a lot for the development of modern humanities and brought up a galaxy of talented scientists.
The start of the journey
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov was born on January 12, 1895 in Zaraysk, in the family of a clergyman. In 1930, my father was repressed and he died in exile in Kazakhstan. The mother, who went into exile to fetch her husband, also died. The family managed to form in Victor a strong craving for education. In 1917, he graduated from two institutes in Petrograd at once: historical and philological (Zubovsky) and archaeological.
The path to science
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov showed brilliant scientific inclinations as a student. Immediately after graduation from the instituteinvited to continue to study science at the Petrograd Institute, at first he studies the history of the church schism, writes a scientific work. At this time, he was noticed by Academician A. Shakhmatov, who saw great potential in the novice scientist and lobbied for Vinogradov to be accepted as a scholarship holder to prepare a dissertation on Russian literature. In 1919, under the guidance of A. Shakhmatov, he wrote a master's thesis on the history of the sound in the Northern Russian dialect. After that, he is given the opportunity to become a professor at the Petrograd Institute, in this position he worked for 10 years. After the death of A. Shakhmatov in 1920, Viktor Vladimirovich finds a new mentor in the person of the outstanding linguist L. V. Shcherba.
Achievements in Literary Studies
Vinogradov was simultaneously engaged in linguistics and literary criticism. His works became known in wide circles of the Petrograd intelligentsia. He writes a number of interesting works on the style of the great Russian writers A. S. Pushkin, F. M. Dostoevsky, N. S. Leskova, N. V. Gogol. In addition to stylistics, he was interested in the historical aspect in the study of works of literature. He develops his own research method, which is based on the broad involvement of the historical context in the study of the features of a literary work. He considered it important to study the specifics of the author's style, which would help to penetrate deeper into the author's intention. Later, Vinogradov created a harmonious doctrine of the category of the author's image and the author's style, which was at the junctionliterary criticism and linguistics.
Years of persecution
In 1930, Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov left for Moscow, where he worked at various universities. But in 1934 he was arrested in the so-called "case of the Slavists." Almost without investigation, Vinogradov is exiled to Vyatka, where he will spend two years, then he is allowed to move to Mozhaisk and even allowed to teach in Moscow. He had to live with his wife illegally, putting both at risk.
In 1938 he was banned from teaching, but after Viktor Vladimirovich writes a letter to Stalin, he is given back his Moscow residence permit and the right to work in Moscow. Two years passed relatively calmly, but when the Great Patriotic War began, Vinogradov, as an unreliable element, was sent to Tobolsk, where he would stay until the summer of 1943. All these years, despite the everyday disorder and constant fear for his life, Viktor Vladimirovich continues to work. He writes the history of individual words on small pieces of paper; a lot of them were found in the scientist's archive. When the war ended, Vinogradov's life improved, and he, returning to Moscow, began to work hard and fruitfully.
Linguistics as a vocation
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov won worldwide recognition in linguistics. The scope of his scientific interests lay in the field of the Russian language, he created his own scientific school, which was based on the previous history of Russian linguistics and opened up wide opportunities for describing andsystematization of the language. His contribution to Russian studies is extremely great.
Vinogradov built the doctrine of the grammar of the Russian language, based on the views of A. Shakhmatov, he developed a theory about the parts of speech, which was set out in the fundamental work "Modern Russian Language". Interesting are his works on the language of fiction, which combine the resources of linguistics and literary criticism and allow you to deeply penetrate into the essence of the work and the author's style. An important part of the scientific heritage are works on textual criticism, lexicology and lexicography, he singled out the main types of lexical meaning, created the doctrine of phraseology. The scientist was a member of the group for compiling the academic dictionary of the Russian language.
Outstanding work
Eminent scientists with a wide range of scientific interests often create significant work in several areas, such was Vinogradov Viktor Vladimirovich. "Russian language. The grammatical doctrine of the word”, “On the language of fiction”, “On fiction” - these and many other works brought fame to the scientist and combined the research capabilities of stylistics, grammar and literary analysis. A significant work is the unpublished book "The History of Words", which V. V. Vinogradov wrote all his life.
An important part of his legacy is the work on syntax, the books "From the History of the Study of Russian Syntax" and "Basic Questions of Sentence Syntax" became the final part of Vinogradov's grammar, in which he described the main types of sentences, identified types of syntactic communication.
The works of the scientist wereawarded the State Prize of the USSR.
Scientist career
Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov, whose biography has always been associated with academic science, worked hard and fruitfully. From 1944 to 1948 he was the dean of the philological faculty of Moscow State University, where he headed the department of the Russian language for 23 years. In 1945, he was elected an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, having passed the post of corresponding member. Since 1950, for 4 years, he headed the Institute of Linguistics of the USSR Academy of Sciences. And in 1958, Academician Viktor Vladimirovich Vinogradov became the head of the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which he would lead for more than a quarter of a century. In addition, the scientist held many public and scientific positions, he was a deputy, an honorary member of many foreign academies and a professor at Prague and Budapest universities.
Died V. V. Vinogradov October 4, 1969 in Moscow.
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