2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
The battle of Borodino is one of the greatest and most famous battles in the history of mankind. The Russian army showed heroism, which has been admired for more than two centuries. One of the most strategically important points on the field during the Battle of Borodino was the Raevsky battery, so the French made great efforts to capture it.
Raevsky's battery is a hill on Borodino
a field from which Russian positions were very well visible to the west and east, from the New Smolensk road to the Bagration flushes.
On the mound itself there were 18 guns, several also stood on the sides. Few guns remained on the hill itself, the rest were in phalanxes behind. Lieutenant General Nikolai Raevsky, commander of the 7th Infantry Regiment, led the defense of the hill.
Raevsky's Battery ("War and Peace" by Tolstoy)
Several chapters are devoted to the description of the battle itself. Pierre Bezukhov never served in the army and had absolutely no idea what it was. But he came to the front out of a sense of patriotism and a desire not only to fight and kill enemies, but to feel like a participant in such a grandiose battle that meant so much to his homeland.
Pierre on Raevsky's battery really gets acquainted with the war. At first he watches from the side, not understanding anything and feeling as if he is not at ease, but then an unusual sight captures Pierre.
Raevsky's battery was also called the "key of the Borodino position", because after its capture, the defense of the Russian army became much more complicated. The French occupied the village of Borodino for about six hours, deployed heavy artillery guns in the southeast and began shelling Raevsky's battery from the flanks.
The first attempt to take the Raevsky Battery position was made by the French infantry around 9 am. First, two divisions advanced rapidly from the west. The Russians fired their cannons from their positions, but when the enemy was within 100 paces, the order to fire was given, and the French ranks thinned faster and faster. Soon the enemy could not stand it and ran.
About 10 o'clock in the morning, the French made a second attempt to take Raevsky's battery. By that time, Russian reserve troops had approached, and the situation at the Bagration Flushes had improved. The second attack involved General Moran's division, which advanced rapidly and managed to take cover in thick powder smoke before being shot by the Russians. Suddenly, Moran's division advanced swiftly through the parapet and captured Raevsky's battery. But the Russians, under the command of the sent General Yermolov, again forced the French to flee.
Both the Russians and the French suffered significant losses. Only to the firstone o'clock in the afternoon, having installed a fair amount of artillery on Bagration's flashes, the French decided on a third attack. This time Raevsky's battery was attacked by 6 divisions. The cavalry went on the offensive both from the front and from the rear of the battery. But the Russian cavalry, standing behind the infantry, repelled these attacks. Then the French went with infantry from all sides at once. A heated battle ensued. Barclay de Tolly and the seriously ill General Likhachev took part in it. The French suffered heavy losses, but nevertheless, at the beginning of the 5th hour, they captured the Raevsky battery, and the Russians were forced to retreat to the Kutuzovsky lines.
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