Alexander Grin. Biography and work of a famous writer

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Alexander Grin, whose biography, photo of which is presented in this article, is an outstanding Russian writer. About 400 of his works were published. He created a fictional country. It is in it that the action of many of his works takes place, and the two most famous books of the writer - "Scarlet Sails" and "Running on the Waves" are no exception. Thanks to the well-known critic K. Zelinsky, this country was named Greenland.

Childhood

Green Alexander Stepanovich, whose biography will be described in this article, was born in the Vyatka province. The real name of the writer is Grinevsky. His father Stefan was a Polish nobleman. In 1863 he took part in the uprising, for which he was exiled to Tomsk. In 1868 he was allowed to move to the Vyatka province. He soon married a Russian girl, Anna Lepkova, who was a nurse. They had four children. The first child in the family was Alexander Grin. Photos of the writer's mother and father are presented in this article.

Alexander Grin's birthday is August 11 (23 according to the new style) of August 1880. At the age of 6, the boy learned to read. The first book he read was Gulliver's Travels. The future writer loved works about travel and sailors. Tried to run away from home several times to become a sailor.

When Alexander was 9 years old, he was sent to the school. Classmates came up with the nickname Green, which he later used as a pseudonym. The future writer at the school was distinguished by the worst behavior and he was constantly threatened with expulsion. As a student of the 2nd grade, Alexander composed insulting poems against teachers. For this, he was expelled from the ranks of students. In 1892, the boy was accepted to another school thanks to the efforts of his father.

When A. Green was 15 years old, his mother died of tuberculosis. 4 months after her death, her father married. Alexander did not get along with his stepmother and began to live separately. He made money by copying documents and binding books. Reading was his main hobby. At this time, he began to compose poetry.

Youth

At the age of 16, Alexander Grin graduated from a four-year school and left for Odessa. He had a firm intention to become a sailor. The father gave the son some money and also the address of a friend. When Alexander arrived in Odessa, his funds quickly ran out, and he could not find a job. He was starving and wandering. The young man was forced to seek help from a friend of his father. He put him on the ship. But the sailor from A. Green did not work out. The routine work of a sailor very quickly bored him. After that, he traveled around the country and tried himself in different professions. But he didn't stay anywhere for long. In 1902 he joined the soldiers. Served for six monthsmonths of which he spent in the punishment cell. A. Green deserted from the army. The Socialist-Revolutionaries, with whom he also made friends, helped him to hide. Alexander was carried away by revolutionary ideas. He sincerely devoted himself to the fight against the existing system.

In 1903, A. Green was arrested for his revolutionary activities. After he tried to escape, he was transferred to a maximum security prison. The investigation dragged on for a long time, in the end he was sentenced to exile in Siberia. There he stayed only 3 days and escaped. His father helped him get someone else's passport and leave for the capital.

Mature years

Alexander Grin, whose photo is presented in this article, after some time left the ranks of the Socialist-Revolutionaries. Soon he married Vera Abramova. Her father was a major official, but she herself supported the revolutionaries. In 1910 Alexander became a famous writer. Then the police discovered that Grin and Grinevsky were one and the same person. The writer was arrested and exiled to the Arkhangelsk region.

After the revolution took place, the Soviet system caused the writer even more negative than the monarchical one. The only thing that pleased A. Green in the new order was the permission to divorce. He took advantage of this right away. The writer divorced Vera and married Maria Dolidze. But after a few months, the couple broke up.

In 1919, Alexander was drafted into the Red Army, where he served as a signalman. Soon the writer became seriously ill. He had typhus. Alexander Grin's life was in danger. He was in treatment for almost a month. M. Gorky visited him, hebrought the patient coffee, honey and bread. He also helped A. Green to get a room in the House of Arts, in the center of St. Petersburg, and academic rations. O. Mandelstam, N. S. Gumilyov, V. Kaverin, V. A. Rozhdestvensky lived next to Alexander. The writer was an unsociable, withdrawn, unfriendly and gloomy person.

In 1921 the writer married Nina Mironova. A. Green lived with her until the end of his days. The couple were always together and both believed that fate gave them a great gift when they allowed them to meet. The writer dedicated his "Scarlet Sails" to Nina. In 1930, the couple moved to Stary Krym. It was a difficult time, as A. Green's books were banned, the writer and his wife were often hungry and sick.

In July 1932, the writer died. He had stomach cancer. He was buried in the cemetery of Stary Krym. On his grave there is a monument "Running on the Waves" (sculptor T. Gagarina).

Creative path

In 1906 Alexander Grin wrote his first story. Creativity captured him, and this year was a turning point in his life. A. Green became a writer. His first story is called "The Merit of Private Panteleev." It talked about the atrocities that are happening in the army. As a result, the work was withdrawn from the printing house and destroyed. The next story by A. Green, "The Elephant and the Pug", suffered the same fate. The first work that reached the reader was "To Italy". In 1907, the writer began to use the pseudonym Green. Since 1908, collections of his stories began to be published. Alexander Green published 25 stories a year. The writer began to earn big money. Alexander Stepanovich wrote several stories while in exile. Initially, Alexander Grin published his works only in magazines and newspapers. Books with his stories, novels and short stories began to be published somewhat later. For the first time his works were published in the form of a three-volume edition in 1913. A year later, a new period began in the writer's work. The style in which Alexander Green wrote became more professional. His books have become deeper, the subject has expanded. And the writer began to work more productively.

In the 1920s, A. Green continued to write stories, but along the way took up writing larger works. The very first novel that Alexander Stepanovich wrote was "The Shining World". Then there were "Scarlet Sails", "Golden Chain", "Running on the Waves", "Land and Factory", "Road to Nowhere", "Jesse and Morgiana". Green did not have time to finish his last novel, en titled "Touchless", Green did not have time to finish.

After the death of the writer

When Alexander Grin died, thanks to the efforts of leading Soviet writers, a collection of his works was published. His widow continued to live in Stary Krym, at first she was under occupation, and then she was taken to Germany for labor work. After the end of the war, she returned to the USSR, where she was accused of treason. A. Grin's wife spent almost 10 years in the Stalinist camps. After the end of the war, A. Green's books were recognized as alien to the proletariat and banned. Only after the death of I. V. Stalin, the writer was rehabilitated, and his books began to be published again. While A. Green's wife was serving her term,the house in Stary Krym passed into the ownership of other people. With great difficulty, she managed to get it back to her. In 1960, Nina opened the Alexander Grin Museum in it and devoted the last years of her life to him.

List of works written by the writer

Alexander Grin wrote a lot of works. Among them are novels, short stories, novellas, stories. Although the writer is considered a prose writer, he wrote a lot of poetry.

Alexander Grin wrote the following stories and novels:

• Wave Runner.
• "Touchless".
• "Scarlet Sails".
• "Elephant and Pug".
• "Crimson sails".
• "Glittering World".
• "Jesse and Morgiana".
• Golden Chain.

Wrote Alexander Grin stories and stories. This is:

• "Toy".
• "Courtyard".
• "Murder at the fishmonger".
• Zurbagan shooter.
• "Dead path".
• "The Tribe of Siurge".
• "Contest in Lissa".
• Fighter.
• "To Italy".
• "On the Hillside".
• Adventurer.
• Repentant Manuscript.
• "History of the Tauren".
• "Khonsa Estate".
• The Adventures of Ginch.
• "Mystery of the Forest".
• "Fire Water".
• Fandango.
• "Elda and Angothea".
• "On the cloudy shore".
• "The Legend of Ferguson".
• "Father and Little Daughter's New Year's Day"
• "Telegrapher from Medyansky Bor".
• Kam-Boo Bird.
• "Sweet Poisoncities.”
• "Lives of great people."
• Moonlight.
• Winter's Tale.
• "Boarded House".
• "Ships in Lissa".
• "Duel of Leaders".
• "The Sorcerer's Apprentice".
• "Brick and music".
• Reno Island.
• "Passenger Pyzhikov".
• Dead for the living.
• "Fourth All-in".
• "Gold and miners".
• "Kunst-Fisch Murder".
• "Blind Day Canet".
• "Bark on the Green Channel".
• "Commandant of the Port".
• "Devil of Orange Waters".
• Green Lamp.
• Headless Horseman.
• "Jacobson's Raspberry".
• Gladiators.
• "The Death of Romelink".
• Gutt, Witt and Redott.
• Wild Mill.
• Oranges.
• "Daniel Horton's Weakness"
• "Grandka and his son".
• "Earth and water".
• "Hold and deck".
• "The Man Who Cries"
• "Brilliant player".
• Batalist Shuang.
• "Around the World".
• Poison Island.
• "Traveler Oooooooo."
• "Naive Tussaletto".
• "The Three Adventures of Ehma".
• Returned Hell.
• "Cyclone in the Plain of Rains".
• "Cheerful fellow traveler - Pied Piper".
• "Two Promises".
• "The Tragedy of the Xuan Plateau"
• Captain Duke.
• "Seller of happiness".
• "Birck's Tale".
• "Quiet weekdays".
• "Blue Telluri Cascade".
• "Magic Outrage".
• Black Diamond.
• "Marriage of August Esborne".
• "Strengthincomprehensible.”
• "Pierre and Sourine".
• "Mistletoe branch".
• "Window in the forest".
• "Third floor".
• "The Crime of the Fallen Leaf"
• The Lost Sun.
• "Paradise".
• Lion Strike.
• "The Riddle of Foreseen Death"
• Pik-Mik's Legacy.
• "Army order".
• "Velvet Curtain".
• "Encounters and adventures".
• "The story of one murder."
• “Someone else’s fault.”
• "Heavy Air".
• "The Way".
• "Puddle of a bearded pig".
• "Club arap".
• "One hundred miles down the river".
• "Fate taken by the horns."
• "Winner".
• White Ball.
• Storm Strait.
• "Swan".
• "Accident at Ms. Cerise's apartment."
• "Night and day".
• Creating Asper.
• "Underground".
• "Father's wrath."
• "Hunting the Bully".
• Golden Pond.
• River.
• Nanny Glenaugh.
• "Horse head".
• "Fourteen feet".
• Lanfier Colony.
• Eroshka.
• "Ksenia Turpanova".
• Return of the Seagull.
• "Forward and backward".
• "Checkmate in three".
• "Fight against death".
• "Punishment".
• "Hand".
• Nightmare.
• "Taboo".
• Rene.
• White Fire.
• Forest Drama.
• "Mystery Record".
• "Accident in Dog Street"
• “The Atleian Mnemonic System.”
• "A tramp and warden."
• "Greene on Pushkin".
• "Greycar.”
• Pillory.
• "A Tale Ended by a Bullet"
• "Long way".
• Forest Drama.
• "Navigator of the Four Winds".
• "Legsless".
• "The episode when taking Fort Cyclops".
• "Fire and Water".
• "Voice and Eye".
• "Life of Gnor".
• "The voice of the siren".
• "Bet".
• "Watercolor", etc.

Not only Alexander Grin wrote prose, poetry also often came out from under his pen. But the main thing in his work was and remains, of course, prose.

Scarlet Sails

In 1923, Alexander Stepanovich Green wrote "Scarlet Sails". This is a romantic story about a girl Assol. Her father is a former sailor Longren. He earned money by making and selling ship models. Once, during a storm, the innkeeper Menners was carried away on a boat to the sea. Longren was there, but did not even make an attempt to save him. When the former sailor saw that Menners had been carried far away and he no longer had a chance of salvation, he shouted to him that this was how his wife asked the innkeeper to help her, but he did not. Soon fellow countrymen learned that Longren coolly watched how a man was dying, and did not even try to help. They began to hate him. Longren explained his act by blaming Menners for the death of his wife. When Assol was born, he was swimming. The birth was difficult, and Mary (Longren's wife) had to spend all the money on treatment. And then the woman turned to the innkeeper for help. She asked him for a loan. And he said he would helpunless she's rude. Mary was a faithful wife and a decent woman, she couldn't do that. The wife of a former sailor had to go to the city to pawn the ring. There was a terrible bad weather, Mary caught a cold, fell ill and soon died. Longren was left alone with his little daughter in his arms. He had to give up work at sea. But, despite his story about the guilt of the innkeeper in the death of his wife, the locals began to treat him very badly. The unfriendly attitude towards Longren extended to Assol, although she was an innocent child. No one wanted to be friends with the girl. Her father replaced both her mother and her friends.

Once Assol went to the city to take toys made by her father for sale. One of them she especially liked. It was a ship with scarlet silk sails. The girl played with him. Egl approached Assol and said that when she grows up, the prince will sail for her on a ship with scarlet sails. When she talked about what the storyteller told her father, their conversation was overheard, and everyone learned that Assol was waiting for the prince. They began to laugh at her and consider her crazy.

Another character in the story is Arthur Grey. He was a representative of a noble family. The young man was decent, fearless, resolute, sympathetic and always helped everyone. The young man dreamed of the sea and adventure. One day he ran away from home and joined the schooner as a sailor. The captain highly appreciated the love of the sea, as well as the perseverance and intelligence of the young sailor. He began to teach him. At the age of 20, Arthur became a captain and bought his own galleon. One day fate brought his ship toKaperna, where Assol lived. Gray saw her and realized that she was not like everyone else, but, like himself, a little out of this world. In the tavern, he learned that the girl was waiting for a ship with scarlet sails. He went to the city. There, in the shop, the captain bought scarlet silk. The next morning, a stunning white ship arrived in Caperna. He had scarlet sails. Gray took Assol to the ship and took him with him. Everything happened just as Aigle predicted. The people of Caperna were shocked.

Wave Runner

This is a novel that Alexander Green wrote again about the sea. Strange things happened to the young man Thomas. First, he saw a girl who had descended from the ship, who had a bewitching effect on those around her. The next day, he was spending time playing cards and distinctly heard a woman's voice, which said: "Running on the waves." He was the only one who heard her. A day later, he saw a ship with the name "Running on the Waves" in the port. The young man thought that there was a connection between all these events. He decided to become a passenger of the ship, whose name he heard while playing cards. Once on the ship, the young man discovers a portrait of a beautiful girl there. The captain tells him that the ship was built by a certain Ned Seniel. And this portrait was painted from his daughter Bice. Ned went bankrupt and sold the ship to the current owner. At night, the captain made fun with the women on the ship. Hearing the screams of one of them, Thomas intervened and entered the fray. The captain was furious with such an act of the passenger. The young man was put on a boat and lowered into the open sea. There was a girl on the boat. When she spoke to him, he was sure that this was the voice he heard playing cards. She introduced herself as Fresy Grant. The girl advised him to head south, where a ship would pick him up. After that, she jumped into the water and went along the waves. Once on the ship that Frezi spoke of, Thomas heard the legend. It was said that this girl is the one who was shipwrecked and is helping. On the ship, Thomas met Desi, who soon became his wife. They learned about the fate of the "Running on the Waves" that the ship was found abandoned near a deserted island. Why the crew abandoned it remains a mystery.

In memory of the writer

Museums, streets, festivals and so on bear the name of Alexander Grin. In 1978, Soviet astronomers discovered the planet, which was given the name "Grinevia". A passenger ship was named after the writer in 2012. In Kirov there is a library of Alexander Grin, as well as in Nizhny Novgorod, Feodosia, Moscow and Slobodskoy. In St. Petersburg, an annual holiday for graduates called "Scarlet Sails" is held. There are museums of Alexander Grin in Stary Krym, in Feodosia, in Kirov and in Slobodsky. A literary prize was established for the 120th anniversary of the writer's birth. Festivals, conferences and readings are also named after A. Green. In Stary Krym, Naberezhnye Chelny, Gelendzhik, Feodosia, Moscow, Slobodsky and Arkhangelsk there are streets named after the writer. There is a gymnasium and an embankment named after Alexander Grin in Kirov. And also installed his bronze bust.

Criticism

Alexander Grinliterary critics have always been perceived differently. Before the revolution, some accused him of imitating E. Poe, J. London and E. Hoffmann. His work was not taken seriously. Others believed that there is nothing wrong with imitating Western writers, especially since this is not a powerless imitation and not a parody. They said that the works of A. Green are imbued with a thirst for strong sensations and faith in life. Soon, an opinion was formed about A. Green that he was a master of the plot. In the 1920s, they wrote about Alexander Stepanovich that he was one of the few who fully mastered the word. Maxim Gorky called him a useful storyteller. In the 1920s and 1940s, A. Green was considered inconsistent with Soviet ideology. After the Great Patriotic War, he was completely called a "preacher of cosmopolitanism", a third-rate writer who was not a major literary phenomenon, his works were banned. In the post-Soviet period, critics began to write about Alexander Stepanovich that under the adventures and adventures in his works, high artistic thought and a complex personal concept are hidden. Some modern critics consider A. Green naive, not adapted to the world and retained youthful maximalism until the end of his life.