Nikolai Gumilyov: biography. Creativity, years of life, photo

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Gumilyov Nikolai Stepanovich was born in 1886 in Kronstadt. His father was a naval doctor. Nikolai Gumilyov, whose photo will be presented below, spent his entire childhood in Tsarskoye Selo. He received his education in the gymnasiums of Tiflis and St. Petersburg. The poet Gumilyov Nikolai wrote his first poems at the age of twelve. For the first time his work was published in the publication "Tiflis Leaf" when the boy was 16 years old.

Nikolai Gumilyov. Biography

By the fall of 1903, the family returned to Tsarskoye Selo. There, the future poet finishes his studies at the gymnasium, the director of which was Annensky. The turning point in Kolya's life was his acquaintance with the works of the Symbolists and the philosophy of Nietzsche. In the same 1903, the future poet met the schoolgirl Gorenko (later Akhmatova). After graduating from the gymnasium, in 1906, Nikolai Gumilyov, whose biography will be very eventful in subsequent years, leaves for Paris. In France, he attends lectures and gets acquainted with representatives of the literary and artistic environment.

Life after high school

The collection "The Way of the Conquistadors" was the first printed collection released by Gumilyov Nikolai. The work of the poet in the earlystages was in some way a "collection of early experiences", in which, nevertheless, its own intonation was already found, the image of a courageous, lyrical hero, a lonely conqueror, was traced. While subsequently in France, he makes an attempt to publish the Sirius magazine. In the issues (the first three), the poet is published under the pseudonym Anatoly Grant and under his own name - Nikolai Gumilyov. The biography of the poet in subsequent years is of particular interest. It should be said that, while in Paris, he sent correspondence to various publications: the newspapers "Rus", "Rannee morten", the magazine "Vesy".

Mature period

In 1908, his second collection was published, the works in which were dedicated to Gorenko ("Romantic Poems"). With him began a mature period in the work of the poet. Bryusov, who praised the author's first book, stated not without pleasure that he was not mistaken in his predictions. "Romantic poems" became more interesting in their form, beautiful and elegant. By the spring of 1908, Gumilyov returned to his homeland. In Russia, he makes acquaintances with representatives of the literary world of St. Petersburg, begins to act as a constant critic in the newspaper Rech. Later, Gumilyov began to print his works in it.

After a trip to the East

The first trip to Egypt took place in the autumn of 1908. After that, Gumilyov entered the law faculty at the capital's university, and subsequently transferred to the historical and philological. Since 1909he begins active work as one of the organizers of the Apollo magazine. In this edition, until 1917, the poet will publish translations and poems, as well as keep one of the headings. Quite brightly Gumilev in his reviews illuminates the literary process of the first decade of the 20th century. At the end of 1909, he leaves for a few months in Abyssinia, and upon his return he publishes the book "Pearls" from there.

Life since 1911

In the autumn of 1911, the "Poets' Workshop" was formed, which manifested its own autonomy from symbolism, creating its own aesthetic program. Gumilyov's "Prodigal Son" was considered the first acmeist poem. It was included in the 1912 collection Alien Sky. By that time, the reputation of a "sindic", "master", one of the most significant of contemporary poets, had already firmly established itself behind the writer. In 1913, Gumilyov went to Africa for six months. At the beginning of World War I, the poet volunteers for the front. In 1915, "Notes of a Cavalryman" and the collection "Quiver" were published. In the same period, his printed works "Gondla", "Child of Allah" were published. However, his patriotic impulses soon pass, and in one of his private letters he admits that for him art is higher than Africa and war. In 1918, Gumilyov sought to be sent as part of a hussar regiment to the Expeditionary Force, but was delayed in London and Paris until spring. Returning in the same year to Russia, the writerbegins work as a translator, prepares the epic about Gilgamesh, poems by English and French poets for the World Literature. The Pillar of Fire was the last book published by Nikolai Gumilyov. The poet's biography ended with his arrest and execution in 1921.

Brief description of works

Gumilyov entered Russian literature as a student of the symbolist poet Valery Bryusov. However, it should be noted that Innokenty Annensky became his real teacher. This poet was, among other things, the director of one of the gymnasiums (in Tsarskoye Selo), in which Gumilyov studied. The main theme of his works was the idea of courageous overcoming. Gumilyov's hero is a strong-willed, courageous person. Over time, however, his poetry becomes less exotic. At the same time, the author's predilection for an unusual and strong personality remains. Gumilyov believes that this kind of people are not intended for everyday, everyday life. And he considers himself the same. Quite a lot and often reflecting on his own death, the author invariably presents it in a halo of heroism:

And I will not die in bed

With a notary and a doctor, But in some wild crevice, Drowned in thick ivy.

Love and philosophy in later verses

Gumilyov devoted quite a lot of his works to feelings. His heroine in love lyrics takes on completely different guises. She may be a princess from a fairy tale, a legendary sweetheartfamous Dante, the fantastic Egyptian queen. A separate line runs through his work poems to Akhmatova. Quite uneven, complex relationships were associated with her, worthy of a novel plot in themselves ("She", "From the Lair of the Serpent", "The Tamer of Beasts", etc.). Gumilyov's late poetry reflects the author's predilection for philosophical themes. At that time, living in terrible and hungry Petrograd, the poet was active in creating studios for young authors, being for them in some way an idol and teacher. At that time, some of his best works came out from Gumilyov's pen, permeated with discussions about the fate of Russia, human life, and destiny ("The Lost Tram", "The Sixth Sense", "Memory", "My Readers" and others).