Theatrical professions: description

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Theater is an art that can be called collective. It only seems to the uninitiated that the theater is limited to the stage and the actors on it. In fact, the backstage hides a lot of people who have various theatrical professions. Which? Read on!

Capelliner

Where does any temple of Melpomene begin? Remembering the saying of Konstantin Stanislavsky, one can answer: “The theater begins with a hanger!”, But in fact, everything begins with an usher. In everyday life, people of this profession are usually called ticket attendants, but their duties include not only checking tickets.

Capellidiners prepare the hall for the performance, meet the audience, seat them in their places and can even advise on the theater's repertoire. So the aphorism that the theater begins with a hanger is not entirely true. By the way, in tsarist times, the basic rules were introduced, which are still preserved in some theaters today: for example, below, in the stalls and mezzanine, men play the role of ushers, and girls work above the first tier.

Actors and actresses

The curtain rises, the actors appear on the stage. They are true masters of transformation. It is the actors who take on the images of other personalities, fully getting used to their character and qualities. Acting originated in ancient Greece. Initially, this profession was very respected. Later, in the Middle Ages, the work of the actor was despised - after all, the theater was recognized as a manifestation of the devil, and people who had theatrical professions were his minions. Actors were able to recover in the eyes of society only in the Renaissance. But the real revolution took place in the 20th century - then Stanislavsky defeated the stereotyped characters inherent in actors.

It is worth noting that theatrical activity is not suitable for everyone: only creative people who are able to remember and reproduce a large amount of information can become actors. It is necessary to transform into your character every day, conveying its essence to the public. Everything must be perfect - the voice, intonations, and gestures. This profession is one of the most psychologically difficult.

Puppeteer

This profession is different in that a person does not go on stage, he controls the puppets, voices them. It is very important that the puppet theater artist has the technique of puppetry, stage speech, acting technique, singing.

Prompter

Avid theater-goers know the answer to the question of who a prompter is. For those who are not yet familiar with the meaning of this word, it will be interesting to know that the French souffleur can be translated into Russian as "hint". That is, the activity of this theatricalemployee is that he monitors the rehearsals and the performance. And, if necessary, gives hints to the actors in a whisper.

The prompter's workplace is hidden from the viewer's eyes, so often many do not even think about who the prompter is and where he is. And this person sits either behind the scenes, or in a prompter booth located in the middle of the stage. This booth is barely tall, shaped like a shell.

Make-up artist

Master of theatrical transformations - make-up artist. He can turn a beauty into a beast and vice versa! To do this, he uses makeup, sticker materials (mustache, wigs, eyebrows), goomoz - a special viscous mass that can deform the face. In his work, the make-up artist is not limited to just applying makeup. He makes wigs and beards.

Dresser

Completing the stage image of the actors are people who fit the job as a dresser. They help to emphasize the character of the character, his features. What is a theatrical costume? These are clothes, shoes, jewelry and hats. Information about how the costumes of characters from different eras should look is taken from various sources: museums, books, photographs, postcards.

Artist

Work on a costume begins with sketches. The artist does them. He makes the whole show. The profession of a theater artist is very multifaceted. He is a stage designer, decorator and artist. At the same time, interaction with the director is also important: only joint work allows us to realize a creative idea.performances, her idea. By the way, each theater has a decorative prop shop. Here they make objects that are used in performances. A variety of materials are used to create scenery: papier-mâché, wood, plaster, canvas.

Light operator

The light operator is responsible for the operation of lighting equipment in productions. Lighting effects on the stage are used in a variety of ways. The two main categories are stationary and dynamic.

Dynamic include:

• zipper;
• explosion;
• fire;
• rain;
• snow;
• train running.

Stationary effects are:

• stars;
• moon;
• fog;
• rainbow.

For all lighting effects, light operators use special equipment. And fog is created when hot steam is passed through dry ice in evaporators.

Entrepreneur

Manager, impresario, producer - all these theatrical professions can be called an entrepreneur. This person is a tenant or owner of a private theater. By the way, the very first contract concluded by an entrepreneur with an actress was drawn up in 1545! In Russia, professional entrepreneurs appeared only in the 18th century. The first representative was the German Johann. He was discharged in 1671 by Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The year 1679 was marked by the arrival in Moscow of a new entrepreneur, Splavsky. And in 1700, at the invitation of Peter I, Johann Kunsht came to Russia.

Troup Leader

Organization althe head of the troupe is engaged in the activities of the theatre. This person takes part in the distribution of roles, makes suggestions on the composition of the troupe. In addition, he is engaged in drawing up plans for rehearsals. It is from this person that the uniform loading of the troupe depends. The head selects new actors, invites performers for one-time participation in productions.

Theatre director

The profession of a theater director in the form in which we are accustomed to seeing it developed in the second half of the 19th century. But the concept of directing appeared much earlier - in 1742. The theater director determines the general idea, which will be revealed during the performance. This creative worker unites the efforts of everyone else - decorators and actors, composers and make-up artists. It is he who should rally all the theater workers, make them imbued with meaning, put their soul into the production. To do this, the director needs to be a good psychologist, while being able to manage himself.

The theater director is not an easy profession. In order to become one, you must have assertiveness, seriousness, literacy, intelligence and originality. This person interprets the plays - of course, according to his vision, so that they sound in a new way, interest the audience. There are other theatrical professions. An assistant director is simply called a director. He does daily rehearsals. Less responsible tasks are performed by the assistant director.