Lermontov's works. Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich: creativity

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2024-01-17 12:35

M. Y. Lermontov is a famous Russian classic who was one of the brightest and most gifted poets, prose writers, playwrights of the romantic direction. All works of art by Lermontov are unusually lyrical, superbly composed and easily perceived by the reader. His literary work was greatly influenced by such world figures as D. G. Byron and A. S. Pushkin.

Pedigree

The surname Lermontov has its roots from a native of Scotland, George Lermont, who served with the Polish king, who was captured by the Russians during the siege of the Belaya fortress. He moved to the detachments of the Moscow troops. And since 1613 he was in the service of the Sovereign of Russia, and for his faithful service he received land in the Galich district (Kostroma province).

The famous Scottish poet of the 13th century, Thomas, also bore the surname Lermont. The Spanish duke also had the surname Lerma. The poet was looking for a connection with the ancestors of the Scots, but moreall that captivated him was his kinship with the Spanish duke, the minister of King Philip III. Lermontov even has a whole "Spanish" cycle in the visual arts, because he was also an excellent artist.

By the time of the birth of the poet, the Lermontov family had become very poor. Father Yuri Petrovich was a noticeable handsome man with a sympathetic and kind soul, but extremely unrestrained and sometimes very frivolous. His estate Kropotovka in the Efremov district bordered on the estate of S. A. Arsenyeva (nee Stolypina). Her daughter, the romantic Maria Mikhailovna, could not help but fall in love with such a charming neighbor and, despite the protests of her mother, married him. But family happiness was short-lived, exhausted by consumption and nervous breakdowns due to her husband's constant betrayals, she died in the spring of 1817.

Childhood of Mikhail Lermontov

In Moscow on October 3, 1814, Mikhail Lermontov was born. As a child, he was a sickly, capricious and nervous boy. He suffered from diathesis, scrofula and measles. For a long time he was bedridden due to rickets, which led to the curvature of the legs. After the early death of his mother, Lermontov had only vague, but very dear to his heart images. Grandmother Elizaveta Arsenyeva took upon herself all the troubles of raising him and took care of him until the end of his life. But she simply couldn’t stand her son-in-law. Yuri Petrovich, because of a feud with his mother-in-law, was forced to leave for his estate and leave her his son. However, he still visited his mother-in-law several times with the intention of taking Mikhail to him, but everything wasin vain. The boy saw the enmity, it was very hard for him to endure all this. He constantly suffered and wavered between his grandmother and father. In the drama Menschen und Leidenschaften, Lermontov reflected all his feelings about this. Then she and her grandmother moved to an estate called Tarkhany (Penza province). Almost all of the poet's childhood passed there.

Youth and adolescence

In 1828, Lermontov began to study at the Noble Boarding School of Moscow University. Then he continued his studies at the verbal department of the same educational institution. But in the end he was forced to give up all this because of a major quarrel with the reactionary professors. His career was in jeopardy. And the grandmother insisted that her grandson enter the School of Guards Ensigns and Cavalry Junkers. The young Lermontov was not very inspired by a military career, but at the same time he dreamed of the great deeds that his ancestors accomplished, although he understood in his heart that, at best, a war in the Caucasus awaited him.

In 1834 he graduated from the School and went to serve as a cornet in the Nizhny Novgorod Hussar Regiment. The first work that appeared in print in 1835 without his knowledge was the poem "Khadzhi Abrek".

Links to the Caucasus

Lermontov's works were very often prophetic. In 1837, he dedicated his fatal verse “The Death of a Poet” to A. S. Pushkin, where he blames all high-ranking authorities in Russia, headed by Tsar Nicholas I, for death. Then he was sent into exile in the Caucasus. He returns a year laterPetersburg, but due to a duel with the Frenchman Ernest de Barante, he was again sent to the Caucasus in an infantry regiment. In battle, he showed unprecedented courage and courage, but the king did not mark him with any awards. Lermontov was even interrupted from his vacation in St. Petersburg and ordered to leave the city two days in advance.

On his return to the regiment, Lermontov stops in Pyatigorsk to get some medical treatment, but there he had a ridiculous quarrel because of his ridicule, presumably at Natalia Solomonovna, the sister of Martynov, a classmate at a military school, with whom he never really did not quarrel. The girl thought that Lermontov was in love with her, and he described his heroine Mary in "A Hero of Our Time" from her. On July 15, 1841, a duel took place. On it, M. Yu. Lermontov was instantly killed by N. S. Martynov. The bullet went right through his heart.

For all this short time allotted by God, such famous works of Lermontov were created, which became truly masterpieces of Russian literature. These are “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov”, and “Mtsyri”, and “Demon”, as well as a huge number of lyrical poems, the drama “Masquerade” and the immortal novel “A Hero of Our Time”.

Ashik-Kerib

Lermontov's work "Ashik-Kerib" was created as a romantic oriental tale of love. It was based on a literary processed Azerbaijani folk tale, heard by the poet in exile in the Caucasus. This is a kind and bright work about the love of two youngthe heroes of the poor Ashik-Kerib and his beloved, the daughter of a rich merchant Magul-Megeri. Ashik-Kerib will do everything to get rich and marry his beloved. But the wise and resourceful Magul-Megeri will also not stand aside and will help him with her feminine cunning. In the end, they will all be happy together. This beautiful fairy tale has not left any reader indifferent.

A Hero of Our Time

The novel "A Hero of Our Time" was written by Lermontov at the age of 25, a year before his tragic death. This novel was created in the form of separate stories, short stories, travel essays and diary entries. For the author, the main thing was the disclosure of the image of the main character. Chapters are mixed in the novel, historical reality is not paramount here. The work is complicated by the fact that three narrators tell their stories in it: a traveling officer, Maxim Maksimych, and, finally, the main character, Grigory Pechorin. The image of Pechorin throughout the work is revealed in different ways, according to an outside observer, a personally familiar friend and the hero himself. The reader will gradually delve into the psychology of Pechorin. First there will be a superficial, then a detailed and only then the deepest psychoanalysis and introspection. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time" was first published in 1840 by the St. Petersburg publishing house under the direction of Ilya Glazunov.

Sail

Despite his complex and quarrelsome nature, Lermontov is a gentle romantic at heart and a wonderful creator. Practically all Lermontov's works produce indelible impressions. "Sail" is one of his great masterpieces,left to the future legacy. It was written by his quivering soul, standing at a crossroads before fateful decisions, and at that moment the young poet seems to be ready for anything. He was only 17 years old. He could have become a Decembrist or a revolutionary, but fate had a different role in store for him.

Lermontov's brief chronological table

October 3, 1814	Birth of M. Yu. Lermontov in Moscow
Spring 1817	Sudden death of the poet's mother
1818, 1820, 1825	Rest in Pyatigorsk
1828-1830	The first works of Lermontov. Studying at the Noble Boarding School
1830-1832	Study at the moral and political faculty of Moscow University. Lermontov's classmates: I. Goncharov, A. Herzen, V. Belinsky
1831	Death of the poet's father
1832	The poet leaves Moscow University and sends guards ensigns and cavalry junkers to the St. Petersburg school. Creation of the famous "Sail" and the unfinished novel "Vadim"
1834	Entering the service as a cornet in the hussars
1834-1835	Writing the drama "Masquerade"
1837g.	Creation of the poem "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov", the reactionary poem "The Death of a Poet". The very first reference of the poet to the Caucasus. Writing "Borodino" and "Prisoner"
1838	Return from exile to Petersburg. Meeting with Karamzin. Creation of the novel "A Hero of Our Time", as well as the poem "Demon", Mtsyri", the poem "Poet"
1839	Writing a poem "Three palm trees". The story "Bela" was published in the journal "Domestic Notes"
1840	Written poems "How often surrounded by motley crowd…", "Duma". Duel with Ernest de Barante - the son of a French politician. A separate edition of the work "A Hero of Our Time". Farewell meeting with Karamzin. The verse "Clouds" was created. Repeated reference to the Caucasus. Lifetime edition of Lermontov's collection of poems
1841	Two-month vacation in St. Petersburg. Creation of poems “It stands alone in the wild north”, “Motherland”, “I go out alone on the road”. Return to the Caucasus
June 15, 1841	The poet was killed in a duel near Mount Mashuk, in Pyatigorsk by N. S. Martynov
April 1842	The body was transported and buried in the family estate in Tarkhany, with grandmother Arsenyeva

Lermontov's children's works

The theme of childhood is reflected in a number of works and has always been a companion of all his work. The children's poems of the famous poet are unusually gentle and lyrical. They are filled with some special kindness and warmth. Lermontov's children's works include such magnificent poems as "To the Child", "Cossack Lullaby", "Dear Child's Birth" and others.

Lermontov's life turned out to be difficult, but, despite all this, he always considered childhood and all his "golden days" to be the most wonderful period of a person's life.

All works of Lermontov in terms of literature are inimitable and unique. Therefore, they are still interesting to any generation of readers.