2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (1860-1904) is a great Russian writer, a classic of world literature. Author of over three hundred literary works.
The humorous stories of A. P. Chekhov, which he created at the dawn of his career, are distinguished by their miniaturization and expressiveness of images. The author strove for a concise, capacious presentation. Therefore, in these stories of A. P. Chekhov there are not a large number of characters. But they are collective images of any human vices or characteristics inherent in certain sections of society. The heroes of A. P. Chekhov's stories are very colorful.
Kashtanka
This story has been loved by adults and children for more than a hundred years. The main character in the story of A. P. Chekhov is an animal, or rather a dog named Kashtanka. A lost lonely animal that misses its owners very much. It is noteworthy that Kashtanka knew only bullying from the owners. Once with a new owner - a circus artist, the dog begins a completely different life. Now she is well fed and not offended. In addition, Kashtanka shows artistic abilities, and the new ownerprepares her to perform in the circus. But on the day of the performance, the dog recognizes the former owner and joyfully rushes to him.
Why does A. P. Chekhov's story "Kashtanka" end this way? After all, the dog finally finds a happy life with a kind, caring owner. But Kashtanka, in her devoted dog soul, remains faithful to her old master. That is why she no doubt returns to her past life.
Death of an official
In this story, A. P. Chekhov raises the theme of the "little man". There are only three actors: the official Chervyakov, his wife, General Brizzhalov. In the center of the story is an official, a miserable, comical person who grovels before his superiors.
In the theater, during a performance, Chervyakov accidentally sneezes on General Brizzhalov. The official gets scared and begins to apologize. The general does not pay attention to such a trifle and asks not to interfere. During the intermission, Chervyakov apologizes again. But even this seems to be insufficient. The thought of what happened haunts him. Returning home, he tells his wife about the incident. She advises her husband to go and apologize.
Chervyakov goes to the general. Brizzhalov casually answers the official, continuing to receive visitors. But it seems to the frightened Chervyakov that the general does not want to talk to him because of the offense inflicted on him. Therefore, when the general finishes receiving visitors, the official apologizes again. The general takes this as a mockery and does not want to listen to him anymore.
The next day, the official again goes to the general, but angrythe general kicks him out. Chervyakov returns home and dies.
Thick and Thin
Two school friends - fat Misha and thin Porfiry, meet by chance at the station. They share their memories of studying at the gymnasium. Porfiry boasts that he has become a collegiate assessor, but when he finds out that Misha is a Privy Councilor, his behavior changes instantly. Porfiry's tone suddenly becomes obsequious. Tolstoy is uncomfortable. The thin one grovels before an old friend, there is no trace of easy communication. Fat and thin are saying goodbye no longer as comrades, but as a boss and a subordinate.
A. P. Chekhov in the story "Thick and Thin" ridicules servility. The comedy of the situation is combined with the tragic loss of dignity and honor of a person holding a small position.
Chameleon
In A. P. Chekhov's story "Chameleon" goldsmith Khryukin claims that he was bitten by a dog, points to the culprit and shows a bloodied finger. Police warden Ochumelov, together with the policeman Eldyrin, decide to punish the dog and its owner. But as soon as Ochumelov is told that this is a general's dog, his behavior immediately changes. The police officer blames the victim.
When Ochumelov is told that the general does not have a dog, he is again determined to punish the dog and fine the owner. As the policeman ponders whether this is a general's dog or not, the behavior of the policeman goes from one extreme to another. Then, nevertheless, it becomes obvious that the owner of the ill-fateddogs are the general's brother. Ochumelov allows the dog to be taken away and threatens Khryukin.
A. P. Chekhov in the story "Chameleon" draws the reader's attention to the comic behavior of the policeman Ochumelov. The policeman does not dare to use his power, fearing the very suggestion that by doing so he might somehow offend the general. Ochumelov is not a worthy defender of law and order, but a "chameleon" who changes his mind depending on the situation.
Intruder
The main character of this story is Denis Grigoriev. He is on trial for loosening nuts on railroad tracks. Grigoriev does not understand and does not admit his guilt. He tells the court that he needs the nuts as weights for the seine. Despite the fact that the judge explains to him the criminality of his act (the train can go off the rails, people will suffer), Grigoriev is perplexed: after all, without any malicious intent, he wanted to get himself a sinker.
About Love
The main character of A. P. Chekhov's story "About Love" - Alekhine - tells the guests the story of his love. Once Alekhine fell in love with a married lady Anna Alekseevna. They were connected by common interests. The time spent together was very precious to them. But the lovers never spoke about their feelings.
Anna Alekseevna, due to the current situation, begins to suffer from a nervous illness. She is going to go to the Crimea for treatment. On the train, Anna Alekseevna meets Alekhin. They finally confess their love to each other, but after that they part forever. A. P. Chekhov in the story "About Love" shows how the arguments of reason candestroy happiness.
The Man in the Case
Teacher Belikov set for himself and those around him a number of restrictions and rules that must be followed. He is afraid of the manifestation of emotions and his own feelings. Belikov seeks to hide from the real world. Even deciding to marry the cheerful Varenka, he does not go beyond his "case". One day, being ridiculed in a ridiculous situation, Belikov dies.
In this story, A. P. Chekhov demonstrates to readers that a person who compresses himself within the limits invented by himself is doomed to loneliness and a joyless existence.
Ionych
Zemsky doctor Dmitry Ionovich Startsev arrives in the city of Dyalizh. He meets the exemplary Turkin family. Over time, Startsev realizes that these are empty and uninteresting people. However, he falls in love with the daughter of the Turkins, Ekaterina Ivanovna. She dreams of becoming an outstanding pianist, but the author states her mediocrity. Startsev is full of aspirations and hopes for the best. He proposes to Ekaterina Ivanovna. But the girl rejects him, intending to devote her life to art. But her hopes for success and fame are not destined to come true.
Startsev accepts rejection. Gradually, he ceases to be interested in everything that is not connected with material we alth. He is degrading. Startsev treats his patients indifferently and with irritation. He becomes faceless, loses his first and last name.
Tosca
Jonah the Carrier is a lonely old man who recently buried his son. He is deepunhappy, he needs to share his grief with someone, to feel participation and compassion. But the passengers are not interested in the troubles of the old man, they do not want to listen to him. The janitor drives the cabman away. The unfortunate Jonah is surrounded by a wall of human indifference. In desperation, he talks about his grief to the horse, which does not understand, but at least listens to the driver.
Vanka
Vanka is a nine-year-old orphan who was sent to study with a shoemaker in Moscow. The child lives hard, he misses his grandfather, life in the village. On the eve of Christmas, Vanka writes a letter to his grandfather, complaining about the hard life, hunger and overwork. He is bitter to endure beatings and insults. The boy's memories of life in the village are very bright, filled with the warmth and charm of childhood. Vanka fervently asks grandfather to come.
Pointing on the envelope “to the village of grandfather Konstantin Makarych”, inspired by hope, Vanka throws the letter into the mailbox. He does not know that a letter with such an address will not reach his grandfather. Deprived of childhood due to his social position, Vanka still remains an ordinary naive child. In a dream, the boy dreams of his grandfather sitting on the stove and reading the cherished letter, and a dog wagging his tail next to him.
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