Khadia Davletshina: date and place of birth, short biography, creativity, awards and prizes, personal life and interesting facts from life

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Khadia Davletshina is one of the most famous Bashkir writers and the first recognized writer of the Soviet East. Despite a short and difficult life, Khadia managed to leave behind a worthy literary heritage, unique for an oriental woman of that time. This article provides a brief biography of Khadiya Davletshina. What was the life and career of this writer like?

Biography

Khadiya Davletshina (before marriage - Ilyasova) was born on March 5, 1905 in the village of Khasanovo (Samara region). The Ilyasov family was very poor - the father of a large family worked as a farm laborer doing daily work for the landowners. Striving for knowledge, Khadia attended classes in a madrasah located in a neighboring village. She studied hard, despite the fact that she often came to class hungry. The girl seemed to be saturated with knowledge. In 1918, Khadia entered the fifth grade of the Soviet school opened in their village after the revolution, and also enteredin the Komsomol - she vehemently supported the new government, hoping for a speedy deliverance from poverty and injustice.

In 1919, Lutfull Ilyasov died, all the worries about his deaf mother, brothers and sisters fell on the shoulders of fourteen-year-old Khadia. Being a Komsomol member who had a primary education, the girl was able to work as a teacher in the neighboring village of Dengizbaevo. Leading ardent propaganda of the red movement during the Civil War, Khadia almost died several times at the hands of aggressive enemies of the new government.

In 1920, fifteen-year-old Khadia entered the Tatar-Bashkir Pedagogical College of Samara. The course of study included the study of the Russian language and Russian literature, thanks to which the girl got acquainted with the work of Maxim Gorky, who became her favorite writer.

Private life

While studying at a technical school, Khadiya Ilyasova met Gubay Davletshin, a writer and revolutionary figure. Despite the fact that Gubay was 12 years older than the girl, they soon got married. In 1923, the son Bulat was born to the Davletshins. The boy was born weak and died young, before he was ten years old. The only photo of Hadiya with her son is presented below.

The beginning of creativity

Khadiya Davletshina wrote her first work in 1926 under the impression of Gorky's work, and in particular - his novel "Mother". The story en titled "Pioneer Khylukay" was published in the newspaper "Youth of Bashkortostan" in Bashkirlanguage. Her constant assistant and mentor was her husband Gubay - his first stories were published only three years earlier. Spouses Davletshina are presented in the photo below.

In 1931, the first story of Khadiya Davletshina - "Aybika", describing the events of collectivization, was published. With this work, the aspiring writer first drew attention to herself. She independently completed the translation of the story into Russian in 1936, thus her work went beyond the national.

In 1932, Khadia Davletshina entered the Moscow Editorial and Publishing Institute. In the same year, her second story, Waves of Ears, was published, describing the life of a simple Bashkir female worker, grateful to the Soviet government for opportunities that she did not have under the old regime. Without completing her studies at the institute, Khadia and her husband moved to the Baimaksky district of Bashkortostan, where she got a job as a literary employee of the local newspaper "Grain Factory".

In 1934, Khadiya Davletshina became a Bashkir delegate at the First Congress of Soviet Writers, where, finally, she was able to meet her "literary father" - Maxim Gorky. She again acted as a delegate already at the third congress, which was held in Minsk in 1936.

In 1935, the writer became a member of the Writers' Union in the Bashkir ASSR. Passionate about learning, in the same year, thirty-year-old Khadiya Davletshina again became a student - this time at the Timiryazev Bashkir Pedagogical Institute. On thethroughout all these years, Khadia did not stop writing stories that were released as a separate collection. This book was the last work published during the life of the writer.

Years of repression

In 1937, Gubay Davletshin was accused of "nationalism" and shot. Since that time, Khadia, as the wife of the repressed, was expelled from the institute and the Writers' Union, and then sentenced to five years in the camps in Mordovia. After her release in 1942, she was exiled to Birsk (Bashkortostan) without the right to literary and pedagogical activity. Not being able to work by profession, Khadia literally begged - the first female writer of Bashkiria was forced to work as a cleaner at the Pedagogical Institute of Birsk. In 1951, Khadia wrote a letter to the chairman of the Union of Soviet Writers:

I always lived with a clear mind, wherever I was, I always faithfully served my Motherland, I never recoiled from my conscious Marxist-Leninist worldview … I always breathed Soviet air, tirelessly served the Motherland … Whatever I can, I tried and helped her in everything.

But intravital rehabilitation did not happen - on December 5, 1954, Khadia Lutfullovna Davletshina died of exhaustion in loneliness and poverty.

Irgiz

The last decade of her life, from 1942 to 1954, the writer devoted to the creation of the novel "Irgiz" - the main work of her life. Back in the 30s, she thought about the story of the Bashkir heroes during the revolution. The idea of the work finally matured inHadiya's head during the camp everyday life - reflections on the plot of the future novel helped her not to give up and wait for the end of the term. The hero of the work was Aibulat Adarov, who previously appeared in the unfinished story "Fiery Years". The novel "Irgiz" showed a colorful picture of the life of the most diverse sections of the Bashkir people, with their way of life, way of thinking and role in the revolutionary movement. This book is to this day one of the most important works of Bashkir literature.

The novel "Irgiz" was published only three years after the death of Khadia Davletshina. He was highly appreciated by the Union of Writers, and for him in 1967 the writer was awarded the posthumous Salavat Yulaev Prize - the main republican award, and was also finally rehabilitated in the literary ranks.

Memory

After rehabilitation, streets and boulevards in Ufa and other settlements of the Republic of Bashkortostan were named after Khadiya Davletshina. In honor of the writer, monuments were erected in Sibay and Birsk. In addition, in 2005, a nominal republican award of Khadiya Davletshina was established for achievements in the field of children's literature.