Socrates and his thoughts: a summary of Plato's Phaedo

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The work of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato "Phaedo" is written in the style of dialogue and named after Phaedo, a Socratic student. It tells about the dying conversation of Socrates with his students. The main part of the work in art form analyzes the theme of the immortality of the soul.

Plunging into the content of Plato's Phaedo, we are approaching the time of Socrates. The philosophical thought of the Greeks destroyed faith in the Olympic gods. Socrates was one of the first to touch upon the theme of monotheism. In understanding the essence of higher powers, he became close to the monotheists. He began to understand the deity not as a natural force, but as the force of the moral education of man. He identified God with goodness and blessings. Socrates was indifferent to natural physics, he was more interested in the moral side of society.

Phaedo

Before starting to study the summary of Plato's "Phaedo", it should be noted that the basis for creating a dialogue was the meeting of the Pythagorean from the city of Fliunt Echecrates with Phaedo, who was a native of Elis. The last one was takencaptured in the war, and then sold into slavery in Athens. Socrates went to great lengths to redeem him. Phaedo became one of the favorite students of the philosopher, who later organized one of the Socratic philosophical schools - the Elido-Heretian.

Phaedo by Plato. Summary. By chapters about the main thing

The story of the dialogue can begin with the fact that the closest students of Socrates, including Phaedo, Kebs, Simmias, old Crito and others, witnessed his execution in prison. The story mentions his wife Xantipa, who sobbed near the philosopher, his children, a slave and servant, from whom he took a bowl of poison - such was the verdict of the Athenian democratic court. A month after the death of the famous thinker, Phaedo meets Eherat in Phlius and tells him how Socrates behaved and said in his last moments of life.

From the summary of Plato's "Phaedo" you can learn about the state of Socrates when his students came to prison. This is discussed in the first chapter. In other chapters, their great teacher talked about simple but very important things. For example, about the fact that the rejection of habitual pleasures and addictions brightens the mind and thereby purifies the flesh and soul of a person.

Phaedo by Plato. Summary of the work

The philosopher believes that thoughts of suicide should not be allowed, since a higher power punishes for this deed in heaven. For this, in fact, Socrates was tried in Athens. The Athenians saw in his teaching a sermon about some new god, and this was considered a serious statecrime in ancient Greece. Such offenses were punishable by death.

Truth is love and God

What is Plato's work-dialogue about? "Phaedo" in summary can be described in a few words. The great thinker spoke about the simplest truths. He argued that natural kindness is a boon to man. And that the one who does evil does not know that it is evil, because because of his ignorance he cannot distinguish between them. An uneducated person takes evil for good. However, the deep Socratic thought greatly confused his students. In response, they said to him: how so ?! There are a huge number of people who deliberately do evil, commit crimes and create deadly poisons. However, Socrates retorted that they are smart, but not wise, and they do not fully know the truth, only a small particle.

Christian orientation of Socrates

This idea is very close to the Christian religion, as believers talk about truth and love, which merge in God.

Socrates moved along the path of knowing God through the world around him. This work has a religious content to a greater extent, although the author did not strive for this. Here Plato raises questions to which we still do not know the answer. Socrates suggests thinking about your life, he tries to prove that the soul will outlive the body and will travel to the delightful places of the divine world.

Conclusion

Even in the summary of Plato's Phaedo, not only the historicity of an important dispute can be tracedabout fate - this dialogue became the key to the Socratic doctrines of the immortality of the soul.

The work ends with a description of the scene when Socrates drinks poison from a hemlock and pronounces the last parting words. The atmosphere is permeated with the deepest tragedy and makes a strong impression on the reader.