2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Like free hawks, daring kulans (stallions), Kazakh "masters of words and songs" carried the truth, to lead in verse from one end of the endless steppe to the other. For the Kazakh people, poetry was both a consolation in times of hardship, suffering, and a way to express any joy, happiness, to sing the courage of national heroes. Kazakh poets at all times, with the help of poems and songs, rallied against the injustice of bais (rich people), trying to reach out to cruel rulers, boldly, in front of the whole public, ridiculed the vices of society, influenced the political processes of those times.
The names of the most zealous fighters for justice, the stubborn authorities that they were for the common people, the owners of the greatest talent and wit, went down in history and forever imprinted in the hearts of the Kazakhs.
The steppe people appreciated and loved poetry with all their hearts. Poetry, like a genetic code, was imprinted into the nature of a nomad. The song accompanied him from birth to very old age, brightly coloring every event, mood, life position. Conventionally, Kazakh folklore can be divided into two groups:
- Ceremonial-everyday. This is an integral part of everyday life, containing all the ancient customs and rules for their conduct.
- Lyrical. Such poetry reflects the feelings of a Kazakh, attitude to what is happening, demonstration of one's own opinion, mood.
Start
The birth of creativity took place in the middle of the 16th century, after all the disasters associated with the capture of the steppes by Timur. At the same time, writing began to develop, but ordinary people could not learn it, therefore the first poems and songs were memorized, passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation.
One of the first Kazakh poets was Kadyrgali Zhalairi (1530-1605). Being in captivity, in Moscow he wrote his work on 157 pages, called "Jami-at-tavarikh". The manuscript was full of folk proverbs, sayings, witty notes. The historian-poet paid much attention to the laudatory descriptions of the Russian Tsar Boris Godunov. His actions, human qualities, dignity made a huge impression on Kadyrgali.
A great contribution to history was made by the writer, statesman Mohammed Haidar Dulati (1499-1551). About how the Mongol troops asserted their power on the territory of the Kazakhs, about the peculiarities of the difficult relationship between the local khans and the Mongol leaders, about the most significant events in Central Asia in the 15th and 16th centuries are described in detail in his chronicle "Tarikh-i-Rashidi".
Zhyrau
In the 15th and 17th centuries, thethe tradition of improvisational narration in a sing-song verse to the accompaniment of the national instrument dombra. A whole galaxy of zhyrau (singers), Kazakh akyns competed with each other in their favorite genre of tolgau - a philosophical poem. Often such craftsmen, in order to beautifully criticize, give advice, defend their point of view, were hired by the rulers of the Kazakh Khanate as their advisers. They were entrusted with an important mission - to act as a truce, an intermediary between the authorities and the common people. Enjoying the trust and love of the people, the artists skillfully smoothed out sharp corners, consoled with wise advice in times of crisis, tried to prevent unrest, speaking out to protect the interests of people, singing their hopes and aspirations.
The legendary Asan Kaigy, nicknamed the Sad One, is one of the most famous Kazakh poets of that time. Much of his work has survived in manuscript form to this day. Sadness, sadness, pain for the homeland, for beloved compatriots wandering through the cruel steppes in search of a better place, for oppression, discord between clans, disorder, robbery, despair sounded the main note in his soulful songs.
Abai - a new era in poetry
Abai Kunanbaev laid the foundation for the development of new Kazakh literature. The poet was born in 1845 in a family of large feudal lords. From an early age he was sent to study in a madrasah, which he did not stop at. Abai diligently engaged in self-education, studied the works of not only Russian classics, but also Western literature. Over time, the great Kazakh poetcompletely imbued with love for the poor steppe people, who were going through their most difficult times. He was convinced that only the light of knowledge, art and culture were able to pull out this society that was decaying in ignorance and slavery. He was a beacon for the suffering Kazakh people.
The poetry of Abay Kunanbaev is a virtuoso combination of words that hits the heart. "My goal is to create poems - a set of chased words," the poet said.
Abay worked tirelessly himself, taught modern youth, helped, gave advice, he tried to do everything to educate the new generation. He translated and distributed through the best storytellers the works of Lermontov, Dumas, the works of all thinkers and sages of the East and West. He was in a hurry to give away all the knowledge that he had accumulated, because the enemies and opponents of progress were becoming more irrepressible.
The most difficult trials, upheavals and inner loneliness tormented the poet. Poems at the end of his life were riddled with heaviness, despair and confusion. Until the last day (June 23, 1904), his genius, talent, huge work form a new, unique, original literature - the greatest legacy of the greatest son of the Kazakh people.
Diamond of the Kazakh people
In the monstrous years of the Great Patriotic War, poetry was more relevant than ever. The peoples have rallied to resist the common threat that has fallen as a new test on the fortitude and patience of the fraternal peoples. Patriotic pathos, heroic romanticism filled the songs and poems of Kazakh poets.
Giant of LiteratureKazakhstan of Soviet times - Dzhambul Dzhabaev (1846-1945), who was already almost 100 years old, made a huge contribution to the Great Victory, becoming famous for his legendary poem "Leningraders, my children …". Even today, reading the work, it is impossible not to burst into tears! The song left the brightest trace in the history of the Great Patriotic War as a poetic document, as the voice of the whole country through the mouth of the Kazakh akyn-sage, saying to the besieged city: “We are with you, Leningraders!”
Zharaskan Abdirashev
Poet, critic, translator, public figure - Zharaskan Abdirashev (1948-2001) continued to work for the development of Kazakh literature, to support young talents, organizing a special award named after him, following his great predecessors. More than 20 books came out into the world from under his pen. Among them are poems for children, which is very important for the growing citizens of the republic. A lot is devoted to the tragedies of repressions, critical articles. The poet translated the works of Agniya Barto, K. Chukovsky, A. S. Pushkin, A. Blok and other popular writers. In turn, his works were also translated into German, Hungarian, Russian, Tajik, Ukrainian and other languages.
The latest news
Kazakh poets are famous not only for poetry. Today, the audience is ready to watch the competition of akyns-improvisers with great pleasure. This is a primordially Kazakh tradition, so the performances truly fascinate and capture the attention entirely, because the poets so deftly, sparklingly compose on the goverses on very important topics of concern to the public. At the same time, the singer must have a sense of humor, a sharp mind, otherwise the fight will end not in his favor.
This style of poetry will never get bored, will not become old-fashioned, this is the culture, the heritage of the Kazakh people.
The talented Rinat Zaitov
Rinat Zaitov is a popular akyn of our time. Born in 1983 in the East Kazakhstan region. By education, Rinat is a teacher of the Kazakh language and literature. He took part in aitys from the age of 17 and has since become accustomed to the awards. He also writes lyrics for many Kazakh pop stars.
Rinat is a media personality, therefore he often has to refute speculation and incredible rumors, speaking in front of cameras on republican television channels.
Karina Sarsenova
Among modern Kazakh poets, a young but very successful poetess, prose writer, screenwriter, producer - Karina Sarsenova stands out. The girl managed to win many serious literary prizes and awards. She is a member of the Writers' Union of Russia and the president of the Eurasian Creative Union. One can say about her work, no matter what Karina undertakes, she succeeds in everything. Created a new genre - esoteric fiction.
All over the world connoisseurs of literature, poetry are looking forward to something new, fresh, unique. One thing is known: in the era of the Internet, every talent owner has a chance to express themselves, show the world their vision, demonstrate theiropportunities, and who knows, maybe your name will remain on the pages of history and in the memory of a grateful reader.
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