What is the Moscow Art Theater and how is the abbreviation deciphered?

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The Gorky Moscow Art Theater is one of the most famous, famous and popular theaters in our country. The artistic director is the famous actress Tatyana Doronina.

MKhAT

What is the Moscow Art Theater? This is one of the capital's theaters. All connoisseurs of theatrical art, of course, are familiar with these cherished letters. The Moscow Art Theater was founded in 1898. At its origins were K. S. Stanislavsky and V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The theater changed its name several times. At first it was called the Artistic and Public Theatre, in 1901 it received the name of the Moscow Art Theater, and since 1919 it became known as the Moscow Art Theater. Explanation of the abbreviation - Moscow Art Academic Theatre.

The story of the birth of the theater

On June 19, 1897, a meeting of K. S. Stanislavsky and V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko, which discussed the creation of an innovative theater that would adhere to the principles on the basis of which the Paris Free Theater by A. Antoine and the Berlin Free Stage Theater by O. Bram worked. This is a completely new style of acting, where everything should be realistic, without pretentious recitation and pretense. It was also supposed to make a theaterpublic, that is, so that ticket prices are low, and any representative of the working class can partake of the beautiful. This is how the Public Art Theater (MKhAT) was created.

In 1901, the word "public" was removed from the name, because ticket prices had to be increased, the Duma refused to finance the project, and we althy citizens took over the financial care of it. V. N. became the director and manager. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and K. S. Stanislavsky combined the director's position with the position of chief director. The troupe recruited students who studied acting with V. Nemirovich-Danchenko, and non-professional actors who played in the productions of K. Stanislavsky.

The very first production of the theater was A. Tolstoy's tragedy "Tsar Fyodor Ioannovich", which turned out to be phenomenally successful and quickly fell in love with the audience. At the end of 1898, the premiere of "The Seagull" by A. P. Chekhov, whose production later became legendary. This little theater was fresh, original, bold and bright. Until 1905, the repertoire included plays written exclusively by contemporaries of the theatre: A. K. Tolstoy, A. P. Chekhov, A. M. Gorky, G. Ibsen, later classical productions were added to them. In 1906, the Moscow Art Theater troupe went on its first tour abroad (the decoding of its name has already been given by us above).

Theater building

The abbreviation Moscow Art Theater did not appear immediately, at first there was no letter “A” in it and the theater was called the Moscow Art Theater. Until 1902, with its building, the troupe did notdisposed, and the performances were shown in a rented room with a hall for 815 seats. There was nowhere to store scenery, costumes, rehearse, organize workshops, so there was a need to change the premises. There were no funds for the construction, since the Moscow Art Theater was not financed by the state and paid rent to the owner of the building. It existed on funds received from fees from the sale of tickets and from patrons. One of those who invested in this theater was the famous S. Morozov, who later fully took over the financing of the Moscow Art Theater. He took care of the rent of the new building, its reconstruction and equipment. In the summer of 1902, in exactly three months, the Lianozov house was rebuilt as a theater, where the troupe moved in the fall of 1902. In the new building, the hall was designed for 1200 spectators, the stage was equipped with a turntable, and under it there were spacious warehouses for scenery. The curtain was made sliding, not rising, and it was decorated with the famous emblem of the Moscow Art Theater - a seagull that soars above the waves.

Soviet era

Since 1906, the theater began difficult times as a result of disagreements between K. Stanislavsky and V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. As a result, they abandoned joint productions, although there was no break in their creative union. In 1919, part of the troupe, which went on tour in provincial cities, was cut off from Moscow due to the Civil War, and then was forced to go abroad, and only in 1921 did they manage to return.

In 1920, the theater was elevated to the rank of academic,and instead of the Moscow Art Theater, the abbreviation Moscow Art Theater appeared.

1922 was marked by the fact that part of the actors of the troupe headed by K. Stanislavsky, who had toured Europe for two years, decided to stay abroad, not wanting to return to the USSR. In 1923, V. Nemirovich-Danchenko reorganized the troupe, since K. S. Stanislavsky believed that the artists had lost their souls, stopped striving for development, were too busy with material things, spoiled themselves with large fees and became too self-confident. Many actors were replaced with new and young ones, which became the impetus for the development of the Moscow Art Theater.

The main place in the repertoire was occupied by the plays of the playwrights of that time, although classical productions also took place, and productions based on them were innovative. The most famous performances of that era were Days of the Turbines, Armored Train 14-69, Crazy Day, or the Marriage of Figaro. In the 1930s, disagreements between V. Nemirovich-Danchenko and K. S. Stanislavsky reached the limit, and in 1934 Konstantin Sergeevich left the Moscow Art Theater.

In 1932, the theater was named after Maxim Gorky, which made it necessary to include his works in the repertoire.

After the death of V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko The Moscow Art Theater was run by the Artistic Council.

In the 1950s-1960s, the theater was in crisis, the absence of the main director led to the fact that the directors were the actors themselves, as a result, most of the plays were one-day plays, there were few spectators, popularity was falling, and enmity reigned in the team.

In 1970, the Art Council appointed O. Efremov, who breathed new life into the theater, staged a number of outstanding performances, updated the troupe. Under him, popularity returned to the Moscow Art Theater. The only thing he could not overcome was the situation in the team, which eventually led to the fact that the troupe split into 2 camps, each of which had its own repertoire and its own director.

MKhAT im. A. P. Chekhov

The troupe that soon split in two was transformed into two separate theaters, and as a result, there were two Moscow Art Theaters in Moscow. Each of them had their own leader. What is the Moscow Art Theater named after A. P. Chekhov? It is one of two theaters that have been formed due to the split. Theater named after A. P. Chekhov was headed by O. Efremov. In 2000, after his death, O. Tabakov, who holds this post today, became the head. Thanks to him, the repertoire was updated, the basis of which is now classical works. And he also updated the troupe. Today, among the actors of the theater there are such famous names as K. Khabensky, M. Porechenkov and many others. In 2004, the letter “A” meaning “academic” disappeared from the name of the theater, and now it is called the A. Chekhov Moscow Art Theater. Although the name has not changed officially, it has changed only on posters. What does the Moscow Art Theater mean (as it is translated) today? The same as before the theater collapsed - the Moscow Art Academic Theatre. It is located in Kamergersky Lane.

Doronina Theater

What is the Gorky Moscow Art Theater? And this is the second theater that was formed as a result of the split in 1987. It was headed by Tatyana Doronina. Howstands for Moscow Art Theater named after M. Gorky? The answer is very simple: the Moscow Academic Art Theater named after Maxim Gorky. It is located on Tverskoy Boulevard. The Moscow Art Theater under the direction of T. Doronina adheres to the traditions established in the era of Stanislavsky. On the stage of the theater there are classical plays with the restored direction of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. The emblem of the Gorky Moscow Art Theater is a seagull soaring above the waves.

Studio School

What is the Moscow Art Theater School-Studio? This is a higher educational institution, which is open at the theater named after A. P. Chekhov. Future actors, directors and producers are trained here. The school-studio was opened in 1943 on the initiative of V. Nemirovich-Danchenko. Six months after his death, the school was named after him. This theatrical university is one of the most famous and famous in the country, it is very difficult to enter there because of the large competition. For example, the competition for the acting department is about 30 people per seat. Among the graduates of the Moscow Art Theater School named after V. N. Nemirovich-Danchenko a large number of famous actors: L. Armor, E. Evstigneev, T. Doronina, O. Basilashvili, A. Filozov, V. Vysotsky, N. Karachentsov, E. Proklova, A. Baluev, E. Mironov and others.

Repertoire of the Gorky Moscow Art Theater

Spectators who have visited the Moscow Art Theater at least once, for the most part leave very enthusiastic reviews. So, words of admiration are addressed to actors, directors, decorators. On the stage of the theater there are interesting plays, both classical and modern, which, in most cases, are verylike the public. The repertoire also includes performances for children that can be attended by the whole family.

Today, among the productions there are very famous ones:

• "Blue bird";
• Chocolate Soldier;
• "The Master and Margarita";
• "Romeo and Juliet";
• "Russian vaudeville";
• "Hamlet";
• "Vassa Zheleznova" and many others.

After reading this article, no one will have a question about how the Moscow Art Theater is deciphered (how it is translated).

Troup

Today, more than 60 actors serve in the theater. Of these, 18 have the title of "Honored Artist of Russia" and 13 - the title of "People's Artist of Russia".

This is how the Moscow Art Theater appears today, the decoding of the abbreviation of which looks like “Moscow Art Academic Theatre”.