The concept of "art". Types and genres of art. Tasks of art

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The concept of "art" is known to everyone. It surrounds us throughout our lives. Art plays a big role in the development of mankind. It appeared long before the creation of writing. From our article you can learn about the role and tasks.

What is art? General information

The concept of "art" is quite multifaceted. Usually, it means a branch of human activity that can satisfy one spiritual need, namely the love of beauty. Art is a special form of social consciousness. It is the artistic reflection of human life. Thanks to him, you can find out how people lived in that other time period.

The very first author who revealed the concept of "art" was Charles Batyo. He created a whole treatise in which he classified this branch of human activity. His book The Fine Arts Reduced to One Principle was published in 1746. Charles Batyo believes that they can be identified according to several criteria. The author is sure that art brings pleasure, and also it has a spiritual, not bodily character.

The concept of "art"includes painting, music, poetry, architecture and much more that we encounter on a daily basis. Any kind of artistic activity has certain positive qualities. Each area of art has a special way of reproducing reality and artistic tasks. All types of artistic activity are divided into types and genres. Usually art is divided into three groups:

• tonic (music and poetry);
• figurative (architecture, painting and sculpture);
• mixed (choreography, acting, oratory and others).

There are many types of art:

• spatial, in which, thanks to the construction, a visible image (sculpture, architecture) is revealed;
• temporary, in which the real-time composition (poetry, music) acquires significance;
• spatio-temporal - spectacular art (circus performance, cinema, choreography).

Graphics

Graphic art is a type that includes drawing and printed graphics of images (engraving, minotopia, etc.). Her expressive means are contour, stroke, background and spot. It is known that this is the most popular type of fine art. In terms of content and form, graphics have much in common with painting.

Engraving is a type of graphics in which the drawing is a printed impression. It is applied with a special engraver. The engraving can be depicted on metal, wood and linoleum.

Another popular lookgraphics - lithography. This is a special way of flat printing, in which the surface of the stone serves as a printing plate. This art form was invented in 1798. The image is applied to the stone with a special ink or pencil.

The art of graphics is the most ancient of all. The first images exist from the Neolithic and Bronze Age. Our ancestors carved a pattern on the walls of caves and rocks. After some time, images were applied to weapons and household items. After writing appeared, graphics were used in the design of letters, books and letters.

Methods for copying patterns have been unknown for many years. That is why all images were created in a single copy. It is no secret that today such graphic drawings are in demand among collectors.

In the middle of the 20th century, specialists began to develop the technique of black and white graphics. More than 20 variants of graphic texture were created. Training manuals have been published. Today, graphics occupies a leading place in art.

Bento

Bento is an unusual art for children and adults. It is no secret that many parents do not know how to teach their child to eat he althy. Today, on the shelves of stores there is a large selection of harmful and even dangerous food. A new art form, bento, can come to the rescue. It appeared in China. The Chinese call this term the food that they pack in special boxes and take with them to study or work. Bento is a work of art that can beeat. Talented housewives and cooks create figurines and small paintings from food. The main difference between such food is the balance and the presence of a large amount of vitamins. The Chinese create an edible work of art only from wholesome food.

Bento is an art for children and adults, thanks to which the child will be happy to eat he althy foods. It is not yet so popular with us, but several masters who have mastered this technique are already known.

The influence of art on the mind and life of a child. How to explain modern works of art to a child?

Art plays an important role in the life of a child and the development of his personality. Today, absolutely every person should have at least basic knowledge about a particular field of activity. Society is developing rapidly, and therefore each person must be multifaceted. Many modern parents try to instill in their child a love of art as early as possible. For this, a considerable number of parenting methods have been developed that can be used from the first months of a child's life.

The concept of the arts the child receives at school. Usually parents, teachers and educators pay a lot of attention to writing, reading, counting and other subjects for which the left hemisphere of the brain is responsible. To develop the right one, you will need to study music, dance and other arts. It is important to develop both hemispheres of the brain in order to become a fully formed personality in the future.

Through masteringart in a child:

• personality is formed;
• increases the level of intellectual potential;
• moral guidelines are being formed;
• creative thinking ability develops;
• self-confidence and self-esteem increase;
• memory and attention develops;
• expanding horizons.

In order to introduce a child to art, it is important first of all to organize a zone in which all the materials necessary for creative activity will be stored. You will need to have several art books at home. From early childhood, the child needs to read them. It is important to discuss everything learned. To get acquainted with art, you will need to visit museums, galleries, theaters and exhibitions with your child at least once a month. In no case should you throw away drawings, applications and crafts created by the hands of children. Thanks to them, you can see the creative growth of the child. It is also important to enroll him in a thematic circle as early as possible, classes in which he will like.

Some works of contemporary art cause bewilderment on the part of not only children, but also adults. It is not uncommon for a particular child to not understand the architecture that was designed by the modernists. It is important to explain to the student that any work of art is an important stage in the development of mankind.

A lot of questions in children cause abstract paintings. There are a number of special editions that parents can use to show their child how difficult it is to create such a work of art. One of them is SamKandinsky himself.”

Often, children are interested in whether it is possible to compare modern and primitive art. You can find out this and much more in our article.

Fine art. The history of its development in Russia

There are a wide variety of arts known. Each of them has its own characteristics and advantages. Almost everyone knows what fine art is. Children are introduced to him at an early age.

Fine art is a type of artistic activity, thanks to which the master can, with the help of special means, reproduce the world around him. Its history in Russia is divided into two periods, the boundary of which was marked by the Petrine reforms. In ancient Russia, painting was closely associated with icon veneration. Icons had their own artistic style. The purpose of such works of art is to show prayerful composure and peace in communion with God. This explains the presence in the icons of the presence of some artistic means. Over time, the masters mastered the Byzantine style, schools of icon painting were opened. The most famous work is considered to be "Trinity" by A. Rublev. Icons of the 15th-16th centuries are distinguished by the harmony of colors.

In the 17th century, the icons of "fryazhsky writing" were popular. They are characterized by elements of Western European painting, namely oil paints, a semblance of light and shade modeling, accurate depictions of people and nature. Interest in the icon as a work of art arises only in the 19th century.

Old Russian sculpture existed in the form of stone and wood carvings. Most often, the masters depicted images of saints. Particular attention was paid to the face. In the 18th and 19th centuries, sculptors and painters from other countries were in demand. After some time, domestic masters became popular.

In the 18th century, academicism in painting becomes the most popular. It is characterized by the strictness of the drawing, conventional coloring and the use of scenes from the Bible and mythology. Thus, national art was gradually born.

In the years 1860-1880, the first galleries were opened, and domestic masters became famous all over the world. Gradually, new trends emerge. Each of them has taken an important place in the formation of cultural heritage. In the 18-19th centuries, mankind not only knew what fine art was, but also actively used it.

Themes explored in art

Surprisingly, all the themes and problems that the masters reveal in their works of art have been relevant for many centuries. The ancient Romans argued that art, unlike human life, is eternal. This is no coincidence. Themes in art illuminate social problems that are often encountered today. That is why they are of great value to mankind. Masters often reveal the theme of love, nature and friendship in their works.

Over time, trends in art change and new masters appear, but themes and images remain unchanged. That is why any work remains relevant for many years.

Art and its role

The role of art in society is invaluable. It is based on an artistic and figurative reflection of reality. Art forms the spiritual appearance of people, their feelings, thoughts and worldview. Figurative recreation of reality creates our personality. Art helps to develop and improve oneself. And also to know the world around us and oneself.

Art is a cultural heritage. Thanks to works of art, you can find out how people lived at one time or another. Recently, various art techniques have become especially popular. Through art, you can learn to control yourself. By creating an art object, you can forget about problems and get rid of depression.

Art and its tasks

Maxim Gorky believed that the tasks of art are the moral and aesthetic evaluation of all essential phenomena. The writer said that thanks to this, one can learn to understand oneself, fight vulgarity, be able to understand people and find something good in them. Today, three functions of artistic activity are known. The tasks of art are research, journalism and education. Masters believe that the function of artistic activity is to bring beauty into the souls and hearts of people. Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol argued that the task of art is to depict reality.

Modern and primitive art

Many are interested in whether it is possible to compare modern and primitive art. For the firstlook, it's impossible. However, it is not. If we perceive art as a way of self-expression of the individual, then both modern and primitive are on the same plane. Comparing them, you can understand how the perception of a person has changed.

Human thinking has become more abstract. This indicates the active development of the intellect. Over time, a person has changed priorities and today perceives life differently than primitive ancestors. Previously, the masters were interested in the appearance of the object and its form, but now the main role in the works is occupied by emotions. This distinction has existed since the late 19th century.

Summing up

It is important from an early age to develop not only the left but also the right hemisphere of the brain. To do this, you need to do art. It is especially important to pay due attention to the creative development of the child. We strongly recommend doing this from the first years of his life. Not everyone understands the role, tasks and types of art. Briefly described information in our article allows you to get basic knowledge about various artistic fields.