Types of theaters. Types and genres of theatrical art

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The first theatrical performances were once staged right on the street. Basically, itinerant performers put on performances. They could sing, dance, put on various costumes, depicting animals. Everyone did what he did best. A new art form gradually developed, the actors improved their skills.

The world's first theater

The word "theater" in Greek means a place for spectacles and the spectacle itself. The first such cultural institution, presumably, arose in Greece. It happened in the V-IV centuries BC. e. This era is called "classic". Classical art is characterized by harmony and balance in all elements and components. The ancient Greek theater appeared thanks to the worship of various gods.

The Theater of Dionysus is the oldest theatrical building. The god of winemaking, vegetation and nature was highly revered by the ancient Greeks. Dionysus was dedicated to cult rites, which gradually developed into real tragedies and comedies. Ritual festivities have becomereal theatrical performances. The building was an open-air space. Spectators were originally located on wooden seats. Theatrical art was so revered in ancient Greece that poor citizens of power were given money for performances. It was forbidden for married women to watch productions.

The first temple of the arts had three main parts:

• orchestra - dancers and choir performed on it;
• auditorium - located around the orchestra;
• skene building, where the rooms for artists were located.

There was no curtain and the usual scene, and all the female roles were played by men. The actors changed their role several times in one performance, so they had to dance and sing perfectly. The appearance of the actors was changed with the help of masks. Near the building was the temple of Dionysus.

Ancient theater laid the foundations and essence of the modern. The theater of drama can be called the closest in genre. Over time, more and more different genres appeared.

Theatrical genres

Theatrical genres in the modern world are so diverse. This art synthesizes literature, music, choreography, vocals, fine arts. They express different emotions and situations. Humanity is constantly evolving. As a result, different genres are emerging. They depend on the country in which they originate, on the cultural development of the population, on the mood of the audience and their requests.

We list some types of genres: drama, comedy, monodrama, vaudeville, extravaganza, parody, mime, farce, morality, pastoral, musical, tragicomedy, melodrama andothers.

Theatrical art genres cannot compete with each other. They are interesting in their own way. Spectators who love the opera theater are equally happy to visit the comedy theater.

The most popular theater genres are drama, comedy, tragicomedy, musical, parody and vaudeville.

There are both tragic and comic moments in the drama. It's always interesting to watch the actors at work here. The roles of this genre are not easy and easily involve the viewer in empathy and analysis.

Comedy performances have the main goal - to make the viewer laugh. To make fun of certain situations, the actors also have to try hard. After all, the viewer must believe them! Comedy roles are just as difficult to play as dramatic roles. The element of satire makes the performance easier to watch.

Tragedy is always associated with a conflict situation, which the production tells about. This genre was one of the first to appear in Ancient Greece. Just like comedy.

The musical has many fans. This is always a bright action with dances, songs, an interesting plot and a share of humor. The second name of this genre is musical comedy. It appeared in the USA at the end of the 19th century.

Varieties

Types of theaters are directly related to the genres they represent. Although they express not so much a genre as a form of acting. We list some of them:

• opera;
• dramatic;
• puppet theater;
• theater of the absurd;
• childish;
• author's;
• one-man theatre;
• theater of light;
• musical comedy;
• satire theater;
• poetry theater;
• dance theatre;
• variety;
• robot theatre;
• ballet;
• animal theater;
• disabled theater;
• serf;
• shadow theater;
• pantomime theatre;
• song theater;
• street.

Opera and Ballet Theatre

Opera and ballet appeared in Italy during the Renaissance. The first opera house appeared in Venice in 1637. Ballet was formed as a separate theatrical genre in France, having been transformed from dances at the courts. Very often, these types of theaters are combined in one place.

Opera and ballet are accompanied by a symphony orchestra. Music becomes an integral part of these productions. It conveys the mood, the atmosphere of everything that happens on the stage and emphasizes the performances of the actors. Opera singers work with voice and emotions, while ballet dancers convey everything through movement. Opera and ballet theaters are always the most beautiful theatrical establishments. They are located in the richest city buildings with unique architecture. Luxurious furnishings, a beautiful curtain, large orchestra pits - this is what it looks like from the inside.

Drama theater

Here the main place is given to the actors and the director. It is they who create the characters of the characters, transforming into the necessary images. The director conveys his vision and leads the team. Drama theater is called the theater of "experiences". TO. S. Stanislavsky wrote his works, studying the work of dramatic actors. In drama theaters, not only performances are staged - plays with complex plots. The drama theater includes comedies, musicals and other musical performances in its repertoire. All productions are based only on dramatic literature.

A theater for every taste

Musical theater - a place where you can watch any of the theatrical performances. Operas, comedies, operettas, musicals and all those performances in which there is a lot of music are staged in it. Choir and ballet dancers, musicians and actors work here. The musical theater combines the theater of opera, ballet, operetta theater. Any kind of theatrical art related to pop or classical music can find its fans in this theatre.

Puppet show

This is a special place. Here you plunge into the world of childhood and joy. The decoration here is always colorful, attracting the attention of the smallest viewers. The puppet theater is often the first theater that children enter. And the future attitude of the kid to the theater depends on what impression he will make on the inexperienced spectator. A variety of theatrical performances is based on the use of various types of puppets.

Recently, puppeteers do not hide behind screens, but interact with puppets on stage. This idea belongs to the famous S. V. Obraztsov. He wore a glove puppet named Tyapa on his hand and performed superbly on the miniature stage, acting as his father.

The origins of this type of theater are far in the AncientGreece. Creating dolls for rituals, people did not know that this would develop into real art. Puppet theater is not only an introduction to art, but also a method of psychological correction for the smallest.

Comedy Theatre

Combined actors who can sing and dance. They should easily get used to comedic images and not be afraid to be funny. Very often you can see "Drama and Comedy Theatres", "Musical Comedy Theatres". Combining several genres in one theater does not interfere with preserving its flavor. The repertoire may include operettas, satirical comedies, musicals, dramas, musical performances for children. People go to the comedy theater with pleasure. The hall is always full.

Variety theater

Replenished the types of theaters relatively recently. And immediately fell in love with the audience. The first variety theater appeared in the middle of the last century. They became the theater in Leningrad, which was opened in 1939. In 2002, it was named Variety Theatre. A. I. Raikin. Variety artists include contemporary singers, dancers, presenters. Variety artists are show business stars, dancers and showmen, as they are now called.

In variety theaters, solo concerts are often held, concerts dedicated to some memorable dates, performances by contemporary authors are played. Comedians hold concerts here, put on performances-comics, performances on classical works. Musical theater can offer similar performances.

Satire Theater

Very loved by the audience! Since its appearance, it has reflected the life of the townspeople,showed all the shortcomings and ridiculed them. The actors were always known by sight, they perfectly performed comic roles not only on stage, but also in the cinema. Satire theaters have always been in the forefront of those who were forbidden to stage certain productions. It had to do with censorship. By ridiculing the negative aspects of human behavior, it was often possible to cross the line of permissibility. The bans only attracted more viewers. Magnificent actors of the theater of satire, who are well known: A. A. Mironov, Olga Aroseva, Spartak Mishulin, Mikhail Derzhavin, Nina Kornienko, Alexander Shirvindt. Thanks to these people, satire theaters have become loved by the audience.

Over time, types of theaters appear that are either long forgotten or completely unlike anything that exists.

New trends

New types of temples of art surprise the most sophisticated viewer. Not so long ago, the first Theater of Robots appeared in Poland. It is played by robot actors who convey their emotions through their eyes and gestures. The productions are designed for a children's audience so far, but the project leaders intend to constantly expand the repertoire.

Theatrical performances take to the streets in summer. It has already become a tradition. This year, many festivals were held outdoors. Right next to the theaters, small stages were built, on which the performance was fully played. Even opera and ballet dancers are already moving beyond the theater to attract as many audiences as possible.