Short biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The article presents the biography of Aksakov, a famous Russian writer. He is known to many as the author of the fairy tale "The Scarlet Flower", as well as the creator of the "Family Chronicle", "Notes of a Rifle Hunter" and other works.

Aksakov's biography begins on September 20, 1791, when Sergei Timofeevich was born in the city of Ufa. In the family chronicle "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson", the author spoke about his childhood, and also compiled a description of his relatives. If you want to take a closer look at the first stage of the life path of a writer like Sergei Aksakov, the biography for children and adults presented in this work will surely interest you.

Gymnasium Years

S. T. Aksakov was educated first at the Kazan gymnasium, and then at Kazan University. He spoke about this in his memoirs. It was very difficult for the mother to be separated from Sergei, and she almost cost her life, as well as the writer himself. In 1799 he entered the gymnasium S. T. Aksakov. His biography is marked by the fact that soonhis mother took him back, because in an impressionable and nervous child, from loneliness and longing, epilepsy began to develop, as Aksakov himself admitted.

During the year the writer was in the village. However, in 1801 he finally entered the gymnasium. Aksakov's further biography is connected with this educational institution. Sergei Timofeevich spoke disapprovingly of the level of teaching at this gymnasium. However, he had great respect for several teachers. This, for example, Kartashevsky. In 1817, this man married the writer's sister, Natalia Timofeevna. During the training, Sergei Timofeevich was awarded certificates of merit and other awards.

Study at Kazan University

In 1805, at the age of 14, Aksakov became a student at the newly founded Kazan University. Part of the gymnasium, where Sergei Timofeevich studied, was assigned to a new educational institution. Some teachers from it became university professors. The students were chosen from among the best students of the gymnasium.

While taking a course of university lectures, at the same time Aksakov continued his studies at the gymnasium in some subjects. In the early days of the university's existence, there was no division into faculties, so all 35 first students studied many sciences: logic and higher mathematics, chemistry and anatomy, classical literature and history. In 1709, in March, Aksakov completed his studies. He received a certificate, which included, among other sciences, aboutwhom Sergei Timofeevich knew only by hearsay. These subjects have not yet been taught at the university. During his studies, Aksakov developed a passion for hunting and theater. These hobbies remained for the rest of his life.

First works

The first works were written at the age of 14 by S. T. Aksakov. His biography is marked by early recognition of his work. The first poem by Sergei Timofeevich was published in a magazine called "The Arcadian Shepherds". Its staff tried to imitate Karamzin's sentimentality and signed themselves with shepherd names: Amintov, Daphnisov, Irisov, Adonisov, and others. Sergei Timofeevich's poem "To the Nightingale" was appreciated by contemporaries. Aksakov, encouraged by this, in 1806, together with Alexander Panaev and Perevozchikov, who later became a famous mathematician, founded the Journal of Our Studies. In it, Aksakov was already an opponent of Karamzin. He became a follower of A. S. Shishkov. This man created "Discourses on the old and new style" and was the initiator of Slavophilism.

Student troupe, moving to Moscow and St. Petersburg

As we have already said, Aksakov was fond of theater. Passion for him prompted him to create a student troupe. Sergei Timofeevich himself performed in organized performances, while showing stage talent.

The Aksakov family received in 1807 a decent inheritance from Aunt Kuroyedova. The Aksakovs moved to Moscow, and a year later - to St. Petersburg, so that their daughter would be educated in the best educational institutions of the capital. S. T. Aksakov was fully mastered at this time by stage passion. At the same time, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov began working as a translator in the commission that drafted laws. His brief biography was marked at that time by new acquaintances.

Meet new people

Aksakov wanted to improve his declamation. This desire led him to meet Shusherin, a famous actor of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The young theatergoer spent a lot of his free time talking about the stage and reciting with this man.

S. T. Aksakov acquired, in addition to theatrical acquaintances, others. He got along with Romanovsky, Labzin and A. S. Shishkov. With the latter, he became very close. Shishkov's declamatory talent contributed to this. Sergei Timofeevich staged performances at Shishkov's house.

1811-1812

In 1811, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov decided to leave his job in the commission, whose brief biography is marked by new attempts to find something to his liking, because the former service did not attract him. First, in 1812, Aksakov went to Moscow. After some time he moved to the village. Here he spent the years of the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. Aksakov joined the police with his father.

Having been in Moscow for the last time, the writer got acquainted through Shusherin with a number of writers who lived here - Kokoshkin, Ilyin, Shatrov and others. This translation was required for Shusherin's benefit performance. In 1812, the tragedy was released.

Years after the invasionFrench

In the period from 1814 to 1815, Sergei Timofeevich was in St. Petersburg and Moscow. At this time, he became friends with Derzhavin. Aksakov created the "Message to A. I. Kaznacheev" in 1816. It was first published in 1878 in the "Russian archive". In this work, the writer is indignant that the gallomania of the society of that time did not decrease after the French invasion.

Personal life of Aksakov

A short biography of Aksakov continues with his marriage to O. S. Zaplatina, the daughter of a Suvorov general. Her mother was a Turkish woman who, at the age of 12, was taken prisoner during the siege of Ochakov. The Turkish woman was brought up and baptized in Kursk, in the Voinov family. In 1792, Olga Semyonovna, the wife of Aksakov, was born. The woman passed away at the age of 30.

Immediately after the wedding, Sergei Timofeevich went to the patrimony of Timofey Stepanovich, his father. Here, next year, the son Konstantin was born to the young spouses. Sergei Timofeevich lived without a break in his parents' house for 5 years. The addition to the family was annually.

Sergey Timofeevich in 1821 gave his son the village of Nadezhino in the Orenburg province. This place is found under the name of Parashina in the family chronicle. Before moving there, Aksakov went to Moscow. Here he spent the winter of 1821

Return to Moscow, resumption of acquaintances

Aksakov's short biography continues in Moscow, where he renewed his acquaintance with the literary and theatrical world. Sergei Timofeevich struck up a friendship with Pisarev, Zagoskin, Shakhovsky, Kokoshkin, and others. The writer published a translationthe tenth satire of Boileau. For this, Sergei Timofeevich was honored to become a member of the famous "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature".

In 1822, in the summer, Aksakov again went with his family to the Orenburg province. Here he remained without a break until 1826. Aksakov was not given any housekeeping. His children grew up and needed to be taught. The way out for Aksakov was to return to Moscow to take up a position here.

Aksakov finally moves to Moscow

In 1826, in August, Sergei Timofeevich said goodbye to the village forever. From that time until his death, that is, about 30 years, he was only 3 times, and even then by accident, was in Nadezhina.

S. T. Aksakov, together with his six children, moved to Moscow. He renewed his friendship with Shakhovsky, Pisarev, and others. The biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was noted at that time by translation works. In 1828 he took up the prose translation of Molière's "The Miser". And even earlier, in 1819, he outlined in verse the "School of Husbands" by the same writer.

Work in the "Moscow Bulletin"

Aksakov actively defended his comrades from Polevoy's attacks. He persuaded Pogodin, who published the Moskovsky Vestnik in the late 1820s, to start a Dramatic Addendum, which Aksakov was working on, in the journal. Sergei Timofeevich and Polev also quarreled on the pages of Raich's Galatea and Pavlov's Athenaeus. In 1829, Sergei Timofeevich read his translation of Boileau's eighth satire in the "Society of LoversRussian literature".

Serving as a censor

After some time, Aksakov transferred his enmity with Polevoy to censorship. In 1827 he became one of the members of the Moscow censorship committee. Sergey Timofeevich took this position thanks to the patronage of his friend A. S. Shishkov, who at that time was the Minister of Public Education. Sergey Aksakov served as a censor for about 6 years. At the same time, he served as chairman of the committee several times.

Aksakov - school inspector, father's death

The biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (further years of his life) is represented by the following main events. Aksakov began working at the survey school in 1834. Work here also continued for six years, until 1839. Aksakov was at first an inspector of the school. After some time, when it turned into the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he took the position of its director. Sergei Timofeevich became disillusioned with the service. It had a very bad effect on his he alth. So in 1839 he decided to retire. In 1837, his father died, leaving a significant inheritance, on which Aksakov lived.

New circle of acquaintances

The circle of acquaintances of Sergei Timofeevich in the early 1830s changed. Pisarev died, Shakhovskoy and Kokoshkin lost their former influence, Zagoskin maintained a purely personal friendship with Aksakov. Sergei Timofeevich began to fall under the influence of a young university circle, which included Pogodin, Pavlov, Nadezhdin, along with his son Konstantin. In addition, closewith Gogol (his portrait is presented above) Sergei Aksakov. His biography is marked by his acquaintance with Nikolai Vasilyevich in 1832. Their friendship lasted 20 years, until Gogol's death (March 4, 1852).

A turn in creativity

In 1834, Aksakov published a short story called "Buran" in the almanac "Dennitsa". This work became a turning point in his work. Sergei Aksakov, whose biography until that time had not been marked by the creation of such works, decided to turn to reality, freeing himself completely from false classical tastes. Following the path of realism, the writer in 1840 set about writing the Family Chronicle. The work was completed in 1846. Excerpts from the work were published in the Moscow Collection in 1846.

In the following year, 1847, another work by Aksakov appeared - "Notes on Fishing". And a few years later, in 1852 - "Notes of a rifle hunter". These hunting notes were a great success. The name of Sergei Timofeevich became known throughout the country. His style was recognized as exemplary, and the characteristics of fish, birds and animals were recognized as masterful images. Aksakov's works were recognized by I. S. Turgenev, Gogol and others.

Then Sergei Timofeevich began to create memories of a family and literary nature. The Family Chronicle was published in 1856 and was a great success. Critics are divided overthis work, which is considered one of the best in the work of Sergei Timofeevich. For example, Slavophiles (Khomyakov) believed that Aksakov was the first among Russian writers to find positive traits in contemporary reality. Publicist critics (for example, Dobrolyubov), on the contrary, found negative characteristics in the Family Chronicle.

In 1858, a continuation of this work was published. It is called "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson". This piece was less successful.

Sickness and death

The biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov for children and adults is marked by a serious illness with which he had to fight in recent years. The writer's he alth deteriorated about 12 years before his death. Due to eye disease, he was forced to stay in a dark room for a long time. The writer was not accustomed to a sedentary life, his body fell into disarray. At the same time, Aksakov lost one eye. The writer's illness began to cause him severe suffering in the spring of 1858. However, he endured them with patience and firmness. Sergei Timofeevich spent the last summer at his dacha, located near Moscow. When the disease receded, he dictated new works. This, for example, "Collecting butterflies." The work was published after the death of the writer, at the end of 1859.

Short biography of Sergei Aksakov marked by moving to Moscow in the fall of 1858. He spent the next winter in great suffering. However, despite this, he still sometimes engaged in literature. In itAksakov created "Winter Morning", "Natasha", "Meeting with the Martinists". Aksakov's biography ends in 1859, when Sergei Timofeevich died.

Many times Aksakov's works appeared in separate editions. In particular, "Family Chronicle" went through 4 editions, and "Notes of a rifle hunter" - as many as 6. And in our time, interest in the life and work of such a writer as S. Aksakov does not fade away. The biography for children and adults presented in this article only briefly introduces his creative heritage. Many of his works are included in the golden fund of Russian literature.