Obvinskaya painting: arts and crafts of the Urals, description, technique, products

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The beauty and originality of handicrafts are sung in songs, legends and fairy tales are composed about them. Folk crafts are the traditions of the original decoration of everyday items and everyday life in highly artistic ways.

Traditions of finishing products originated centuries ago, but they are alive and preserved by craftsmen and craftsmen today. Each nationality or region of residence of our vast country is distinguished by its own, unique to this area, tradition of art.

Good Evenings at Obve, or How the Guinea Painting Appeared

Palekh and Fedoskino miniatures, Gzhel and Zhostovo painting, Orenburg downy shawls, Vologda and Yelets lace, Khokhloma, malachite, filigree, Rostov enamel and many other types of crafts are known all over the world.

Samples of folk art of the inhabitants of the North testify that in the middle of the 19th century, the art of painting on wood was born on the Obve River.

It all started in schismatic dormitories and workshops. Here illustrations for books were prepared, Pomeranian sheets were drawn - a kind of popular prints, various techniques of painting, weaving, blacksmithing, etc. were cultivated.

In the 1850s, after the destruction of the Old Believer settlements, settlers from Vygozero appeared on the banks of the Obvi, and they brought the art of wood painting to these harsh lands.

Center of symmetry

The main pattern is called Obvinsk rose, it is located in the center and represents a flower of eight petals - a symbol of the sun and life, the union of the upper and lower worlds (spiritual and material), this is a good sign, symbolizing rebirth.

The color of the leaves of the Obvinsk rose alternated in opposition to contrasts, for example, red and white, blue and white, which is also symbolic. In Ancient Russia, the following meaning of colors was invested in patterns:

1. Red color was a symbol of beauty, fire, he alth.
2. White meant purity and innocence of thoughts, holiness.
3. The blue color in the sacred meaning meant heavenly protection, symbolized spiritual and physical purity and strength.
4. Green spoke of rebirth, he alth, spring blossom.
5. Yellow meant openness and joy, prosperity and good luck.
6. Black could symbolize the power of mother earth, fertility, motherhood.

This is the usual semantic content of color. It is quite possible that other meanings were invested in painting on Obve.

The rose was separated fromanother pattern with rows of dots, dashes, circles to draw attention to it.

Save the spinning wheel baby

Spinning wheels in the folk culture of Russia were given special importance. It was a sacred household item: the spinning wheel guarded, nursed, and could punish.

• Signed, of course, hand spinning wheels, which consisted of the upper part - spades and necks. The shovel was covered with a pattern or carving.
• The umbilical cord was cut on the spindle - he was placed in the cradle, and the mother's child was fed through the spinning wheel. The device was considered the strongest amulet.
• It was not to be loaned to others.
• Usually, the spinning wheel accompanied a woman all her life. When she got married, the girl took her spinning wheel to her husband's house.
• For a strong and happy life, the groom himself made a spinning wheel for the bride as a gift.

Plant motifs: flowers and twigs

In the motifs of the painting of Obvinsk spinning wheels, there was usually a rose flower with a spiral twisted in the middle, from which the petals seemed to fly off. The main rose was located in the center of the painting, the same flower, but smaller, was painted in the upper part of the paddle (shovel) and at the connection with the leg (neck) of the spinning wheel.

The following colors can be seen in the ornaments of the spinning wheels on Obve:

• blue and green;
• dark green, almost black;
• red and orange;
• bright blue flecks;
• white.

The background of the mural was made in colder tones, and plant motifs were painted in warm colors,but it could also be the other way around.

By the end of the 19th century, the motif or image of the “curly twig” appears, the drawings become more colorful, bright, geometric patterns appear.

Attention to detail: compositional techniques

There are a number of features when using the Obvin painting technique - the use of improvisation, repetition and variation techniques:

• the drawing is immediately applied to the tree with a brush and paints without a preliminary pencil sketch or sketch;
• the composition of the picture always repeats the shape of the product, emphasizing it;
• the method of organizing the movement of the picture is used, which gives the composition plasticity;
• use of metaphorical images in drawings.

Specifications

Russian arts and crafts has been continuously developing. New techniques, motives and images appeared. This also applies to the technical techniques of the art of the Trans-Urals.

In Obvinsk painting, paints are mixed directly on the picture. Background tones and shades are added to the paintings that have not yet dried on the surface, which creates soft pastel color transitions. Gaps or refinement of painting with white give volume to flowers and leaves, enhance depth and saturation.

The reception of color contrast helps to indicate the impression of the painting even more. For this, for example, orange or red leaves were prescribed on a blue background. If the painting was done in green, then the main pattern of the ornament was done in red tones.

The concept was used"razviki" - softening the color, for example, orange - yellow, dark green - the color of young leaves. The main task of thinning is to harmonize the combination of contrasting colors, to model, to correct too sharp transitions. To do this, they took, for example, orange or red paint on the brush, and applied modeling paint on the tip - yellow, white, blue.

Russian folk painting on wood these days

With the passage of time, not only the life and life of the peasants changed. Their artistic taste developed, transforming wooden products.

Currently, it has been established that the first masters appeared in the Sretenskaya and Krivitskaya volosts of the Perm district, and then the skill was adopted in other areas.

Fortunately, the traditional painting is being revived, new technological methods appear on its basis. In order to paint a piece of wood in the Obvin style, the thing is first primed with carpentry glue, painted with gouache, which gives muted, deep colors, and fixed with varnish.

Painting of toys, interior decorations, tables, highchairs and other products to revive household items is popular.

How to draw a rose, twigs, leaves

You can make the obvinsky painting at home. For this you will need:

1. Gouache or acrylic paints, tempera can be used.
2. Round squirrel brushes 1, 3, 5.
3. A4 white or color paper.
4. Palette, simplepencil, eraser, napkins.

Before drawing, note the following:

• a layer of paint dries for about 30 minutes, gouache is easy to use, as it can be used to cover dark tones with light ones;
• when drying, gouache brightens somewhat, poster gouache has a greater color saturation and covering power than artistic gouache.
• use brushes with soft bristles - the stroke is more even and dense.

On the photo is a painting on wood from Obvinsk, a description of the drawing technique and the result of a modern version of painting products.

Basic strokes are called "drop". To get it using the Obvin painting technique, you need to hold the brush perpendicular to the sheet of paper, move your hand from top to bottom, at first barely touching the sheet, but at the end gently press the brush.

Changing the pressure and direction of the brush, for example, to perform spirals, make new strokes. Droplets, strokes, dots and spirals are “animations”, they enliven leaves, stems and highlight the pattern of the central flower.

The photo shows variations of droplets and strokes forming spirals.

In conclusion, we are training to draw an eight-petal flower.

Four petals must be drawn in one color, and four in another. We hold the brush strictly perpendicular to the surface of the painting.

After you get the details clearly and accurately on paper, you can start painting small sample boards. Find the center of the plank and startdraw an obvinskaya rose, and then - improvisation, stylization and repetitions.

If you decide to paint on wood with acrylic paints, then you do not need to fix them with varnish. Be careful as pigments are difficult to wash off.