Tyutchev's biography. Brief history of the most important

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The poet F. I. Tyutchev, whose biography and work were known to a few during his lifetime, received real national recognition only many years after his death. And only now it becomes clear the value of his works for the Russian nation.

Childhood and youth of F. I. Tyutchev

The birthplace of the future poet was the Ovstug estate, located in the Bryansk district of the Oryol province.

His parents came from an old noble family. Fedor's father rose to the rank of court adviser and retired quite early. His mother, Tyutcheva Ekaterina Lvovna, had a greater influence on the development of the boy. Until the age of 12, N. A. Khlopov, the uncle assigned to him, took care of Fedor. In November 1812, the family moved to live in their house in Moscow. Here Raich S. E., a poet-translator, a seminary graduate, was hired as a teacher for the boy. In 1818, his father introduced Fedor to V. Zhukovsky. The (short) biography of Tyutchev provided by the researchers reports that from that moment on he was born as a thinker and poet. His imitationsHorace was read in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. And already at the age of 14, Fedor was elected his employee. At Moscow University, of course, at its verbal department, Tyutchev continued his education. There he met many aspiring writers, and there he was "infected" with Slavophile views.

Tyutchev's biography is short: marriage, new position

With a Ph. D. degree, Fedor graduated from the university three years earlier than expected. The family council decided that he should enter the diplomatic service. His father took him to Petersburg. Soon, the 18-year-old boy was given the rank of provincial secretary in the collegium of foreign affairs. At the same time, Osterman-Tolstoy, in whose house Tyutchev temporarily lived, made sure that the young man received the position of a supernumerary official of the Russian Embassy in Bavaria, whose capital was Munich.

Except for short breaks, Tyutchev lived there for 22 years. Here, in 1823, Fedor met his first love, 15-year-old Amalia Lerchenfeld. But her father, noticing his daughter's passion for Tyutchev, hastened to marry the girl to Alexander Kryudener, who served as secretary of the Russian embassy. After her wedding, Tyutchev also quickly married Eleanor Peterson. He took a young widow with three children, and then they had children together, three daughters. In 1833, at one of the balls, Tyutchev was introduced to the old Baron Dernberg and his young wife Ernestina, 22 years old. A few days later her husband died. Between Fedor and Ernestina beganan affair that his wife soon found out about. She tried to kill herself, but she was saved, and Tyutchev promised to part with the baroness. These events coincided with success in the literary field. A short biography of Fyodor Tyutchev since then, it would seem, has changed for the better. The Russian authorities transferred the poet to the embassy in Turin.

Life abroad

Eleanor stayed with her children in St. Petersburg in the spring of 1838. As they were returning to Turin by steamer, a fire broke out there. Saving the children, the woman experienced a severe shock and was very weakened. Upon her return, Eleanor caught a cold and died in August of the same year in her husband's arms. In one night, Tyutchev became gray-haired. Nevertheless, this event did not prevent him in December of the same year in Genoa from secretly entering into an engagement with Ernestina. They got married in the summer.

Tyutchev was fired from service and stripped of his rank. After 6 years, the couple returned to the poet's homeland. Due to the fact that Nicholas I approved Tyutchev's speeches for the unification of Eastern Europe with Russia, he was reinstated in the rank of chamberlain and given a position at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The poet's acquaintance with a new love, Elena Denisyeva, took place in 1848. She was almost the same age as his daughters (24 years old). Their relationship was quite open and lasted 14 years. They had three common children. Denisyeva died before the poet, in 1864, from tuberculosis. After the Crimean War, Tyutchev was promoted to active state councilor.

Tyutchev's short biography: return to Russia

The poet blamed himself for the deathDeniseva. He immediately returned to the family, which remained all this time abroad. But a year later he again went to Russia. It was the hardest period of his life for him. First, two children from Denisyeva died, then a mother, another son, an only brother, a daughter.

The last days of the poet

In 1869, the poet was in Carlsbad for treatment. There he met Amalia, his first love. They spent a lot of time together, remembering their youth. Three years later, the poet was paralyzed when he went out for a walk, despite the warnings of doctors. The entire left side was affected. But even in this state, the poet continued to feverishly write. In the summer of 1873, Fyodor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy St. Petersburg cemetery. Of course, the above biography of Tyutchev, so short that it could only cover the main milestones in the life of the largest diplomat, publicist and poet.