Etude in painting is The concept, definition, history of origin, famous paintings and techniques in painting

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Such a term as "etude" is used to refer to works in various forms of art common in Western culture. For example, one can single out pictorial and musical sketches, a sketch as a type of chess composition, a theatrical sketch used in pedagogy, in addition, one of the simplest medium format cameras in the Soviet Union was called this way.

Since ancient times, people have made attempts to capture the various scenes that arise in their lives. At first, these were images drawn from memory, but then, after some time, paintings drawn from nature firmly entered the art. It is drawings from nature and sketches of figures that occupy a special place in modern painting.

What is an etude?

A sketch in painting is a work of art that plays a supporting role and is completely drawn from life. In contemporary fine arts, in addition to supporting roles, a study can also play the main role - be a full-fledged work.

Initially, a sketch in painting is the first sketches that will make up the big picture. It should capture the general feeling, which will later be preserved in the process of drawing the picture in detail.

The process of creating a sketch in painting involves the study of light, color, form of perspective and composition.

In the art of painting, a study is usually part of a picture. Often this fragment is a work that has independent value in the overall artistic composition.

In pictorial studies, unlike musical ones, among the whole mass of prepared studies, those that best correspond to the author's intention and support the essence of the work are selected. After selection, the artist completely recycles them and creates a large canvas.

According to the history of occurrence, the etudes belong to the time of the Renaissance. The Renaissance gave a new impetus to the cultural development of fine arts.

Below is an example of a study in painting.

Assignment of short-term studies in fine arts

Depending on how the study is created, it can be short-term or long-term.

A short-term study in painting is an image that is done quickly and reflects only the general features that characterize the appearance of nature.

The purpose of such an etude-sketch is to capture a specific momentary state of nature. Events and phenomena that are fleeting and unique can only be captured in the form of a cursory sketch. To suchEvents include, for example, labor-related processes, sports competitions and landscapes, the state of which is constantly changing with changes in lighting, the movement of people, as well as animals. In order to have time to capture these moments, the artist has only a few minutes or even seconds at his disposal, while he cannot examine nature in detail and see all its details. The main advantage of a short-term study in painting is not its elaboration and completeness, but, first of all, emotionality, freshness and sharpness, the perception of the situation seen. It is with the help of an etude-sketch that the artist manages to convey expressively what is happening around.

Often sketches for paintings in painting are done in a short-term way.

"Functions" of a long study

A long study in painting is a work that takes several sessions to complete, each session lasting from two to four hours.

The main task of a long study is the depth and comprehensiveness of the study of nature. Particular attention is paid to the nature of its forms, movement, proportions, structural structure, coloristic features, lighting, etc. In the process of creating such an etude, a more detailed reflection of the appearance of nature occurs. After a careful study of the object being drawn, the artist, in order to fully reflect the inherent qualities of a pictorial and plastic nature, has the opportunity to choose the tone, color and lines. A long study differs from a sketch in that it activelyimpressions from nature are processed, and it is possible to find expressive means for their embodiment.

Steps in creating short-term studies

The stages of work on a study study in painting depend on the type of study itself.

Work on the creation of a short-term study does not have special stages, as it happens very quickly and fluently. Since a kind of sketch is being made, there is simply no clearly defined sequence of actions.

Sequence in creating a long study

The creation of a long study takes place in two stages.

First stage (preparatory):

• an external study and analysis of the drawn nature takes place;
• the artist needs to find a compositional solution, that is, to choose a place (point of view) from which the study will be performed;
• after a sketch and a sketch are created in order to reveal the compositional solution;
• determine the shape and size of the work, it is arranged;
• set color scheme;
• short-term sketches are made in order to study in depth some of the most important and complex aspects of nature;
• you can also include in the preparatory stage the creation of a drawing for painting (it is done on a different, separate paper sheet).

Second stage (main):

• pre-prepared drawing for painting is transferred to a clean base;
• underpainting, registration and glazing are in progress;
• creating a long studyends up bringing it to integrity.

Oil studies

The use of oil paints when creating a work of art is typical for long studies.

Oil paint in the fine arts began to be popular with European artists as early as the 15th century. Since that time, using oil paints, artists have created the most famous works of all time.

Because oil paints are a very capricious material for painting, in practice, artists have developed a number of rules that facilitate their use:

• before starting work, the canvas must be primed;
• before applying the next layer of paint to the previous one, it is necessary to dry it thoroughly. This rule is very important, especially if paints are used, grated in one oil, which dries very slowly (walnut, poppy, sunflower).
• necessary to avoid applying too thick a layer of oil paint.

Despite the complexity of the work, oil studies in painting were drawn earlier and are drawn quite often now.

Famous Oil Painters

Many Russian artists used oil paints to create their sketches. Among them are such famous personalities:

• Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Most often he painted long sketches in the form of landscapes. However, among his paintings there are also portraits - his self-portrait, Nikolai Petrovich Panafidin and Sofia Petrovna Kuvshinnikova.
• Sergey Marshennikov. Contemporary Russian artist, whose works are characterized by sensual realism. Long studies also come out from under his brush. His paintings mostly feature semi-nude women, sometimes even his own wife, Natalya.
• Dmitry Levin. Recognized by his contemporaries as a master of the Russian landscape, who has proven himself to be talented representatives of the Russian school of realism. He considers the attachment to nature to be the most important source of his art. That is why most often in his paintings the Russian village is depicted by creating a long sketch.

Etudes in watercolor

Etudes in watercolor are very common in painting.

Masters who use watercolor say that you need to draw with these paints only with confident movements. According to them, the bolder and sharper the strokes, the more effective the final result will be, and flaws, streaks and spots give the sketches style.

Before painting with watercolors, the paper must be thoroughly covered with water - so the paint will lie better. Slightly dried paper should be moistened again in places where stains are expected (for example, water and sky). You should start painting with watercolors from dark areas. According to the rules of watercolor painting, each next plan, going into the “depth” of the drawing, should be colder and colder. Artists who use watercolor never use pure colors - they use a palette.

Watercolor Masters

Great Russian artists did not neglectwatercolor paints. Among the masters of watercolor are the following artists:

Fyodor Petrovich Tolstoy. Many famous paintings, painted both in watercolor and in oil, belong to his brush. He most often used watercolor paints to depict still lifes. One of his most famous watercolor works is a painting of a bunch of grapes

• Karl Pavlovich Bryullov. He also used both oils and watercolors for his paintings. He most often used watercolors for portraits - Maria Petrovna Kikina in childhood, Sylvester Fedoseevich Shchedrin and others.
• Mikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel. Representative of the symbolic direction of modernity. Most often he painted works of religious themes, but he did not neglect still lifes. One of Vrubel's most famous watercolor sketches is Rose in a Glass.