Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography, creativity

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The Great Patriotic War became the main theme of all the writer's work. And the soldier hero Vasily Terkin created by him received such huge popularity that, one might say, surpassed the author himself. We will talk about the life and work of the amazing Soviet writer in this article.

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky: biography

The future poet according to the old style was born on June 8 (June 21 - according to the new one), 1910 in the village of Zagorye, which is located in the Smolensk province. His father, Trifon Gordeevich, was a blacksmith, and his mother, Maria Mitrofanovna, came from a family of odnodvortsy (farmers who lived on the outskirts of Russia and were supposed to guard its borders).

His father, despite his peasant background, was a literate man and loved to read. There were even books in the house. The mother of the future writer also knew how to read.

Alexander had a younger brother, Ivan, born in 1914, wholater became a writer.

Childhood

For the first time Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky got acquainted with the works of Russian classics at home. A brief biography of the writer tells that there was a custom in the Tvardovsky family - on winter evenings, one of the parents read aloud Gogol, Lermontov, Pushkin. It was then that Tvardovsky acquired a love for literature, and even began to compose the first poems, having not yet really learned how to write correctly.

Little Alexander studied at a rural school, and at the age of fourteen he began sending small notes to local newspapers for publication, some of them were even printed. Soon Tvardovsky ventured to send poetry as well. The editor of the local newspaper "Working Way" supported the young poet's undertaking and helped him in many ways to overcome his natural timidity and start publishing.

Smolensk-Moscow

After graduation, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky moved to Smolensk (whose biography and work are presented in this article). Here, the future writer wanted to either continue studying or find a job, but he failed to do either - this required at least some speci alty that he did not have.

Tvardovsky lived on a penny that brought intermittent literary earnings, for which he had to beat the thresholds of editorial offices. When the poet's poems were published in the capital's magazine "October", he went to Moscow, but even here luck did not smile at him. As a result, in 1930 Tvardovsky was forced to return to Smolensk, where hespent the next 6 years of his life. At this time, he was able to enter the Pedagogical Institute, which he did not graduate from, and again went to Moscow, where in 1936 he was admitted to MIFLI.

During these years, Tvardovsky began to actively publish, and in 1936 the poem "Country Ant", dedicated to collectivization, was published, which glorified him. In 1939, Tvardovsky's first poetry collection, Rural Chronicle, was published.

War years

In 1939 Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky was drafted into the Red Army. The biography of the writer at this moment changes dramatically - he finds himself in the center of hostilities in Western Belarus. Since 1941, Tvardovsky worked in the Voronezh newspaper "Red Army".

This period is characterized by the flourishing of the writer's work. In addition to the famous poem "Vasily Terkin", Tvardovsky creates a cycle of poems "Frontline Chronicle" and begins work on the famous poem "House by the Road", which was completed in 1946.

Vasily Terkin

The biography of Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is replete with various creative achievements, but the greatest of them is the writing of the poem "Vasily Terkin". The work was written throughout the Second World War, that is, from 1941 to 1945. It was published in small parts in military newspapers, thereby raising the morale of the Soviet army.

The work is distinguished by its precise, understandable and simple style, the rapid development of actions. Each episode of the poem is connected with each other only by the image of the main character. Tvardovsky himself said that such a peculiar construction of the poem waschosen by him, because he and his reader could die at any minute, so each story must end in the same issue of the newspaper in which it was started.

This story made Tvardovsky a cult wartime author. In addition, the poet was awarded the orders of the Patriotic War of the 1st and 2nd degrees for the work.

Post-war creativity

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky continues his active literary activity after the war. The poet's biography is supplemented by the writing of a new poem "For the distance - the distance", which was written in the period from 1950 to 1960.

From 1967 to 1969 the writer is working on his autobiographical work "By the Right of Memory". The poem tells the truth about the fate of Tvardovsky's father, who became a victim of collectivization and was repressed. This work was banned for publication by censorship and the reader was able to get acquainted with it only in 1987. The writing of this poem seriously spoiled Tvardovsky's relations with the Soviet government.

The biography of Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky is also rich in prosaic experiences. All the most important, of course, was written in poetic form, but several collections of prose stories were also published. For example, in 1947, the book "Motherland and Foreign Land", dedicated to the Second World War, was published.

New World

Don't forget about the journalistic activities of the writer. For many years, Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky served as editor-in-chief of the literary magazine Novy Mir. The biography of this period is fullall sorts of clashes with official censorship - the poet had to defend the right to publish for many talented authors. Thanks to the efforts of Tvardovsky, the works of Solzhenitsyn, Zalygin, Akhmatova, Troepolsky, Molsaev, Bunin and others were printed.

Gradually, the magazine became a serious opposition to the Soviet regime. Writers of the sixties were published here and anti-Stalinist thoughts were openly expressed. The real victory for Tvardovsky was the permission to publish Solzhenitsyn's story.

However, after the removal of Khrushchev, the editors of Novy Mir began to exert strong pressure. This ended with the fact that Tvardovsky was forced to leave the post of editor-in-chief in 1970.

Last years and death

Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky, whose biography was interrupted on December 18, 1971, died of lung cancer. The writer died in the town of Krasnaya Pakhra, which is located in the Moscow region. The body of the writer was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Alexander Tvardovsky lived a rich and vibrant life and left behind a huge literary legacy. Many of his works were included in the school curriculum and remain popular to this day.