Leonid Panteleev: biography, photo. What did Panteleev Leonid write about?

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Leonid Panteleev (see photo below) - a pseudonym, in fact the writer's name was Alexei Yeremeev. He was born in August 1908 in St. Petersburg. His father was a Cossack officer, a hero of the Russian-Japanese war, who received the nobility for his exploits. Alexei's mother is a merchant's daughter, but her father came from the peasantry to the first guild.

Childhood and youth

Alyosha has been addicted to books since childhood, his family even teased him, calling him a "bookcase". From an early age, he began to compose himself. His children's opuses - plays, poems, adventure stories - were listened to only by his mother. There could be no spiritual intimacy with his father - he was a military man and stern.

Little Alexei used to call him "you", and this reverence remained forever. The writer Leonid Panteleev forever kept the image of his father in his memory and carried him through life with love and pride. This image was not light, rather, the color of blackened silver, like an ancient weapon - nobleknightly image.

But a mother is a mentor in the faith, the kindest and most sincere friend for her children. In 1916, when Alyosha was sent to study at a real school, his mother was aware of all his lessons, grades, relationships with teachers and classmates, and helped her son in everything. He never finished school - he didn’t have time.

Wandering

In 1919, the boy's father was arrested, he was kept in a prison cell for some time, and then shot. Alexandra Vasilievna, like a real mother, decided to run away from the cold and hungry Petersburg in order to save the lives of her children. First, the orphaned family settled in Yaroslavl, then - in the town of Menzelinsk in Tatarstan.

In these wanderings, the future writer Leonid Panteleev really wanted to help his relatives, he looked for work, sometimes found, met various people, and some of them turned out to be connected with crime. A very young and gullible man quickly fell under a bad influence and learned to steal. For desperate courage, inherited, apparently, by inheritance from his father, new friends called him the nickname of the famous St. Petersburg raider - Lenka Panteleev. From here such a writer's pseudonym subsequently appeared.

Dostoevsky School

Since Alexei's new "activities" were often associated with the police and security officers, the boy tried to forget his first and last name. The name of a bandit is better than a shot Cossack officer. Especially mother from the Arkhangelsk peasants who have become merchants. He got used to the new surname quickly and even withacquaintance with ordinary people, far from his thieves' friends, he kept his real name a secret. And he did the right thing, as if he foresaw that, no matter how long the rope twisted… Of course, he was caught.

Immediately after the end of the Civil War, the government of the country came to grips with solving the problem of street children. Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky himself was responsible for the result. The most interesting thing is that after two or three years it became impossible to find a street child, and even in 1919 they ran in crowds on the streets. This is how Panteleev Leonid was: the biography of the end of 1921 was replenished with an unsuccessful attempt at theft. He was caught and sent to a special commission that de alt with the street children of Petrograd. From there he was sent to the Dostoevsky School, the very famous "Shkida".

Little Republic

This amazing educational institution could be compared with the pre-revolutionary bursa and the Pushkin Lyceum. Young homeless children studied at school, studying subjects deeply and with pleasure, wrote poetry, staged plays, taught foreign languages, published their own newspapers and magazines.

Panteleev Leonid, whose biography as a writer began to be laid right here, received all the prerequisites to return to normal life, without rooming houses in boilers, without theft, hunger and escapes from the police.

Here the boy lived for two years, which charged him with energy for life. There were friends whose past toowas not cloudless, remaining with Alexei Eremeev forever. So, fate brought him to the same pupil of the school - Grigory Belykh. It is he who will become the co-author of the first and most famous book about homeless children - "Republic of SHKID". Belykh also lost his father early, his mother earned miserable pennies by washing clothes, but she was always busy, because the work was long and very hard. The son decided to help her: he left school and became a porter. In the same place, at the train stations, he also fell under the influence of dark personalities and began to steal.

Coauthors

The boys became friends and decided to become film actors together. To achieve this goal, they left the "Shkida" and went to Kharkov. After studying a little at the courses of film actors, they suddenly realized that none of them were actors. Leaving this occupation, they wandered for some time, did not return to "Shkida" - they were probably ashamed. However, the teenagers loved their school selflessly, missed it so much that they decided to write a book about it.

At the end of 1925 they returned to Leningrad, settled with Grigory in an annex on Izmailovsky Prospekt - a narrow, long room ending with a window into the courtyard, and in it - two beds and a table. What else is needed for the annals? We bought shag, millet, sugar, tea. It was possible to get down to business.

Planning

It was conceived - from what I remembered - thirty-two episodes with their own storyline. Each of them had to write sixteen chapters. Alexey got into Shkida later than Grigory Belykh, so he wrotethe second half of the book, and then always willingly and generously gave all the laurels to the co-author, who managed to interest readers in the first part of the book so much that they read the book to the end.

And indeed, it was in the first part that all conflicts began, mechanisms for the explosion were laid there, everything that was brightest and most beautiful also happened there, which was the distinctive feature of "Shkida".

Publication

Wrote with passion, fast, fun. Nevertheless, they absolutely did not think what would happen to the manuscript later: where should it go? And they did not even dream of any success. The boys, of course, did not know any of the writers or publishers in Leningrad. The only person they saw twice a long time ago in "Shkida" at some gala evenings is Comrade Lilina, the head of the department from the Narobraz.

One can imagine the horror on the face of a poor woman when two former orphans, battered by life, brought her a huge, simply unbearable manuscript. However, she read it. And not only. The co-authors were just fabulously lucky. After reading it, she handed over a thick, disheveled folder to real professionals - to the Leningrad State Publishing House, where the manuscript was read by Samuil Marshak, Boris Zhitkov and Evgeny Shvarts.

How the authors hid from fame

"Firemen are looking for, the police are looking for…". Yes, indeed, everyone and everywhere was looking for them for a whole month, because the book turned out so … Well, in a word, the book turned out! They did not leave the address to anyone. Nothing but a manuscript. Besides,quarreled, leaving the office. Belykh shouted that the whole idea of arranging the manuscript was completely idiotic, well, they wrote and wrote that he was not going to disgrace himself anymore and would be ashamed to come here for the result. Then they reconciled and decided never to go anywhere else. Actors did not come out of them, and writers, it seems, too. Here are the loaders - yes, they turned out to be quite good.

Writer Leonid Panteleev, however, could not resist. A tedious and strange time has passed, as if there is nowhere to put yourself. Although there seems to be nothing to expect, but it sucks and sucks in the stomach, you still want to know what's going on with their book? And Alexey, slowly from a more stable and strong-willed friend, nevertheless decided to visit Comrade Lilina from the Narobraz.

How fame finally found the authors

Seeing Alexei in the corridor of the People's Education Department, the secretary shouted: "He! He! He came!!!". And then for an hour Comrade Lilina told him how well their book was written. It was read not only by her, but by everyone in the Narobraz, up to the cleaners, and all the employees of the publishing house. One can imagine what Leonid Panteleev felt at that time! About what he wrote even after many years, unable to find words. And there are no words to describe what he felt at that moment.

Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak recalled in detail the first visit of the co-authors to the editorial office. For some reason they were gloomy and spoke little. Amendments were often refused. But they were, of course, happy with this turn of events. Shortly after the publication of the book, reviews began from libraries. "Republic of SHKID" read voraciously,took it apart! Everyone was wondering who these Grigory Belykh and Leonid Panteleev were, the biography for children was very important.

Secrets of success

"The book was written easily and cheerfully, without any thought, since we almost did not compose anything, but remembered and just wrote down, not much time had passed since we left the walls of the school," the authors recalled. It took only two and a half months to complete the work.

Aleksey Maksimovich Gorky read "The Republic of ShKID" with great enthusiasm, told all his colleagues about it. "Read for sure!" he said. V. N. Soroka-Rosinsky, director of the school, was named by Gorky a new type of teacher, a monumental and heroic figure. Gorky even wrote a letter to Makarenko about Vikniksor, concluding that the director of "Shkida" is the same passion-bearer and hero as the great teacher Makarenko.

However, Anton Semyonovich did not like the book. He saw a pedagogical failure there, and he did not want to recognize the book itself as artistic, it seemed to him too truthful.

After fame

Co-authors did not leave for some time: they wrote essays, stories. "Hours", "Karlushkin focus" and "Portrait" were very successful. This was the end of the joint work, which was carried out together by Grigory Belykh and Leonid Panteleev. A brief biography of their fellowship has been completed.

Aleksey wrote moremany books for children, among which it is necessary to note the excellent story "Honest Word", which has become a textbook, and the story "Package", which, however, the author himself was never satisfied with: it seemed to him that he had devalued the memory of his father with this story. However, this story was filmed twice.

Coauthor

Grigory Belykh was innocently arrested in 1936, the denunciation was written by his sister's husband, attaching a notebook of poems. The housing problem is to blame. Belykh received three years in prison, and left behind a young wife and little daughter at home. Leonid Panteleev even telegraphed Stalin, ran around all the authorities, but in vain. All that remained was to carry parcels to prison and write letters to a friend.

Grigory himself dissuaded Alexei from continuing the trouble. I didn't name the reason, but it was. Prison doctors discovered that the Whites had tuberculosis. He was not even thirty years old when a former homeless child, a thief, and later a wonderful writer died in a prison hospital. Leonid Panteleev after that for many years refused to republish the Republic of ShKID. Belykh was recognized as an enemy of the people, and it was unthinkable to remove the name of a friend from the cover. However, over time, I had to…