Alexey Panteleev (pseudonym L. Panteleev): biography, creativity. The stories "The Republic of Shkid", "Lenka Panteleev"

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Alexey Panteleev is one of the heroes of the legendary "Republic of SHKID". Every Soviet schoolboy read a book about homeless children. But few know about the fate of one of the authors. In the early years, L. Panteleev was left to his own devices. But the troubles of the prose writer were not limited to homeless childhood.

Parents

Hundreds of thousands of children were left without parental care after the revolution. Most of them were destined for a criminal fate, and therefore - poverty, illness, early death. One of the orphaned Soviet children was Alexei Panteleev. The real name is Yeremeev. The revolution first made the hero of this article an orphan, then forced him to hide an uncomfortable biography.

Eremeev Alexei Ivanovich was born into a merchant family. His father was a Cossack officer, but he became disillusioned with the service and, following the example of his relatives, started selling timber. The eldest son was only eight years old when Ivan Eremeev left the family. The mother was left with three young children. Alexey Panteleev did not remember the October events, since in the autumn of 1917fell ill and lay in a fever for several weeks.

Both the mother and father of the future prose writer belonged to a merchant family. Ivan Andrianovich Eremeev was an officer, his image remained forever in the memory of his son. The father of the hero of the story "Lenka Panteleev" has many features in common with the writer's parent, but unlike the artistic character, he was not a drunkard. Ivan Andrianovich left his family not of his own free will. In 1918, he met for the last time with his eldest son, who soon died. According to some reports, Ivan Andrianovich spent several months in prison.

Devastation

After the coup d'état, chaos reigned in the country. Products that were present on the table in abundance until 1917 suddenly turned into a delicacy. Searches and arrests were carried out everywhere. The mother of the future writer decided to leave Petrograd: it was necessary to save the children from starvation. The family moved to the Yaroslavl province.

Aleksey Eremeev, later known throughout the country as a prose writer L. Panteleev, read voraciously from childhood. In addition, from an early age he began to write stories and poems. The author of the story "Lenka Panteleev", like his young hero, fell in love with literature from an early age. He read even when the country was mired in devastation, hunger, poverty, and poverty and disease reigned in the family of the future prose writer for a long time.

The family lived in the village for two years, then returned to their hometown. There wasn't enough money. Those that the mother gave the boy, he spent on books. And the future author of the famous "Republic of SHKID" began to unscrew the electricallight bulbs for the purpose of further sale. For which he was arrested and sent to a school, which he depicted in a work of art together with his friend Grigory Belykh.

Vikniksor

When it comes to such a figure in literature as Alexei Ivanovich Panteleev, it is impossible not to mention an outstanding teacher. N. Soroka-Rosinsky. His image is displayed in the book "Republic of SHKID". G. Belykh and L. Panteleev created a character nicknamed by the pupils of the school. Dostoevsky Viknixor.

Soroka-Rosinsky opposed the assertion that difficult children are morally and mentally handicapped. The teacher was sure that homeless children are ordinary children who find themselves in difficult life circumstances. If Aleksey Eremeev had not ended up in the legendary orphanage, one of the best books of Russian literature about children and adolescents would not have been created. And in the literary world such names as Belykh, Panteleev would never have become known.

The story "The Republic of SHKID"

In the twenties, Alexei Yeremeev met Grigory Belykh. In those years, rumors circulated around Petrograd about the raider Lenka Panteleev. The hero of this article, although he was distinguished by a craving for knowledge, was a complex teenager, he stood out even against the background of homeless children with an extremely sharp disposition. In honor of the bandit, Eremeev received his nickname. The future writer at school was known as Grigory Chernykh. Panteleev's friend's nickname is Yankel.

Three years after the pupils left school, an autobiographical story was written. Centr althe heroes of the book are Grigory Chernykh and Alexey Panteleev. However, the authors paid considerable attention to other characters in the story.

The school was located in an old three-story building on Petergofsky Prospekt. It was not easy for teachers to curb the wild temper of the wards. Each of them had a rich biography, before entering school they led a free, nomadic and reckless life. Despite the difficulties, Soroka-Rosinsky later recalled that never before had Leningrad teachers worked with such enthusiasm and dedication. At the beginning of the story "The Republic of SHKID" portraits of teachers and pupils predominate. In the second - stories from the life of the school. The theme of childhood was later preferred by Alexei Panteleev.

Stories

The works, created in 1928, are devoted to the psychology of adolescents. Such works include "Karlushkin focus", "Clock". Portrait characteristics already at an early stage of Panteleev's work were masterfully created.

In the thirties, the writer paid special attention to the educational theme. The motives of homeless childhood fade into the background. The leading theme in Panteleev's stories is childish heroism, an example of which is the work "Honest Word". Panteleev also applied pedagogical principles in the upbringing of his own daughter. A kind of father's diary is the work "Our Masha", in which the author's position is distinguished by Spartan exactingness, moral maximalism and, at the same time, boundless love for the child.

Grigory Belykh

The life of a friend of the writer L. Panteleev ended tragically. Grigory Belykh, perhaps, would have created many works, if not for his death at the age of thirty-two. In 1935, the prose writer-journalist was repressed. The reason for the accusation of counter-revolutionary activities was a poem about Stalin. The denunciation of the writer was drawn up by his relative. The husband of G. Belykh's sister accidentally discovered poems of suspicious content on the table, which he immediately reported to the appropriate authorities. The journalist was convicted under Article 58. Died in 1938 in transit prison.

The Tale of Lenka Panteleev

One of the editors of the work of young authors was Samuil Marshak. The children's poet recommended rewriting one of the chapters, supplementing it, and creating a full-fledged literary work from it. This is how the story "Lenka Panteleev" appeared.

The work begins with a description of the early years of the hero. The author pays special attention to the portrait of his father, who is depicted as a complex, controversial, but unusually honest man. Then the consequences of the October events and the beginning of Lenka's thieving career are depicted. The boy miraculously escaped imprisonment. At the end of the story, he ended up at the school. Dostoevsky. From this event, the new life of Lenka begins, as well as other heroes of the book by Belykh and Panteleev.

Our Masha

After the war, the prose writer wrote a lot. It was readily published. In 1956, the writer had a daughter, to whom he dedicated the work "Our Masha". The book is a collection of notes-observations that are kept by manyparents. But as a rule, mothers act as authors of such diaries. In this case, the father showed unusual scrupulousness and observation.

Masha was a late child. Her father was once deprived of attention and care, and, perhaps, therefore, paid excessive attention to his only daughter. Masha became an exceptionally well-read and developed girl, but she lacked live communication with her peers. In youth, mental illness began to develop. Masha Panteleeva spent several years in hospitals. She died three years after the death of her father.

Criticism

In the thirties, when Belykh was arrested, Panteleev miraculously managed to avoid repression thanks to Chukovsky. The children's writer and poet highly appreciated the talent of this author. Chukovsky noted Panteleev's expressive language, as well as the sincerity and truthfulness present in his books. A person who has survived so many hardships cannot but inspire the trust of readers. But, it is worth saying that Makarenko had a different opinion about the book of Panteleev and Belykh. The creator of the "Pedagogical Poem" did not accept the "Republic of ShKID", more precisely, the method that the protagonist of the story, Viktor Nikolayevich Sorokin, used in working with pupils.

Features of the story

In the "Republic of SHKID" there are memoirs, essays, stories and portraits of heroes. The book of Panteleev and Belykh is often compared with the work of Makarenko. The main difference lies in the fact that in the first the narration is not conducted on behalf of the teacher. The events described in the book about homeless children who ended up in the school. Dostoevsky, told from the positiondifficult teenagers.

The authors of the story were interested in a variety of people. Each of the characters could become the main character, regardless of whether he was a pupil or an educator. There is some confusion in the structure of the work. It is explained by the abundance of memories of school graduates. In the epilogue, written in 1926, the authors talk about the meeting with the heroes of the story. One of the Shkidovites became an assistant director, another worked in a printing house, the third became an agronomist.

I believe…

L. Panteleev was a man of deep faith, as evidenced by the last book. "I believe …" - a work published after the death of the author. The book is confessional in nature. In it, the author conveyed his thoughts, experiences. The last essay has little in common with the "Republic of SHKID" and numerous stories aimed at young readers.

The writer died in 1987 in Leningrad. He is the author of four novels and dozens of short stories. Three motion pictures and one animated film were created based on his works. But his name will always be associated with the book, which he created in collaboration with Grigory Belykh - "The Republic of SHKID".