Life and work of Tyutchev. Themes of Tyutchev's work

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Tyutchev is one of the outstanding poets of the nineteenth century. His poetry is the embodiment of patriotism and great sincere love for the Motherland. The life and work of Tyutchev is the national treasure of Russia, the pride of the Slavic land and an integral part of the history of the state.

Beginning of a poet's life

The life of Fyodor Tyutchev began in the Oryol province on December 5, 1803. The future poet was born in a family estate called Ovstug. Fedor Ivanovich began to receive education at home, studied Latin and ancient Roman poetry. At the age of twelve, the boy was already translating Horace's odes. In 1817, Tyutchev attended lectures at Moscow University (at the Department of Literature).

The young man received his graduation certificate in 1821. Then he entered the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, he was sent to Munich. The poet returned to Russia only in 1844.

Periodization of creative periods

The first period of creativity of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev lasts from the 1810s to the 1820s. At this time, the young poet writes his first poems, which in style resemble the poetry of the eighteenth century.

The second period begins in the second half of the 1820s and lasts until the 1840s. The poem en titled "Glimpse" is already original Tyutchev's character, which combines Russian odic poetry of the eighteenth century and traditional European romanticism.

The third period covers the 1850s-1870s. He is characterized by the creation of a number of political poems and civic tracts.

Russia in the work of Tyutchev

Upon his return to his homeland, the poet holds the position of senior censor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Almost simultaneously with this, Fedor Ivanovich joins Belinsky's circle and acts as an active participant in it. Poems are still being put away in a box, but a number of articles are published in French. Among the many treatises there are also “On Censorship in Russia”, “The Papacy and the Roman Question”. These articles are chapters in a book titled "Russia and the West", which Tyutchev wrote inspired by the revolution of 1848-1849. This treatise contains the image of the thousand-year-old power of Russia. Tyutchev describes his homeland with great love, expressing the idea that it is exclusively Orthodox in nature. This work also presents the idea that the whole world consists of revolutionary Europe and conservative Russia.

Poetry also takes on a slogan shade: "To the Slavs", "Vatican Anniversary", "Modern" and other poems.

Many works reflect the love of nature, whichinseparable from love for the Motherland. Tyutchev had such faith in Russia and its strong inhabitants that he even wrote to his daughter in letters that she could be proud of her people and that she would certainly be happy, if only because she was born Russian.

Turning to nature, Fyodor Ivanovich sings of his Motherland, describes every dewdrop on the grass, so that the reader is imbued with the same tender feelings for his land.

The poet always managed to keep free thoughts and feelings, he did not submit to secular morality and ignored secular decorum. Tyutchev's creativity is shrouded in love for all of Russia, for every peasant. In his poems, he calls her the European "ark of salvation", but he blames the king for all the troubles and losses of his great people.

Life and work of Tyutchev

The creative path of Fyodor Ivanovich covers more than half a century. During this time, he wrote many treatises, articles, including in foreign languages. Three hundred poems created by Tyutchev are placed in one book.

Researchers call the poet a late romantic. Tyutchev's work has a special character also because he lived abroad for a long time, because of this, the author felt lost and alienated for many years.

Some historians and literary critics conditionally divide the life of Fyodor Ivanovich into two stages: 1820-1840. and 1850-1860

The first stage is devoted to the study of one's own "I", the formation of a worldview and the search for oneself in the Universe. The second stage, on the other hand,in-depth study of the inner world of one person. The main achievement of this period is called the "Denisiev cycle" by critics.

The main part of Fyodor Tyutchev's lyrics are poems that are philosophical, landscape-philosophical in nature and, of course, a love theme. The latter also includes the poet's letters to his beloved. Tyutchev's work also includes civil-political lyrics.

Tyutchev's love lyrics

The 1850s are characterized by the emergence of a new concrete character. It becomes a woman. Love in the work of Tyutchev took on a specific shape, most of all this is noticeable in such works as “I knew my eyes”, “Oh, how murderously we love” and “Last Love”. The poet begins to study female nature, seeks to understand her essence and comprehends her fate. Tyutchev's beloved girl is a person who has lofty feelings along with anger and contradictions. The lyrics are permeated with the pain and anguish of the author, there is melancholy and despair. Tyutchev is convinced that happiness is the most fragile thing on earth.

Denisiev cycle

This cycle has another name - "love-tragedy". All poems here are dedicated to one woman - Elena Aleksandrovna Denisyeva. The poetry of this cycle is characterized by the understanding of love as a real human tragedy. Feelings here act as a fatal force that leads to devastation and subsequent death.

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev did not take any part in the formation of this cycle, and therefore there are disputes between literarycritics about who the poems are dedicated to - Elena Denisyeva or the poet's wife - Ernestina.

Repeatedly emphasized the similarity of the love lyrics of the "Denisiev cycle", which is confessional in nature, and painful feelings in the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky. Almost one and a half thousand letters written by Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev to his beloved have survived today.

Nature theme

Nature in Tyutchev's work is changeable. She never knows peace, is constantly changing and is constantly in the struggle of opposing forces. Being in the continuous change of day and night, summer and winter, it is so multifaceted. Tyutchev does not spare epithets to describe all her colors, sounds, smells. The poet literally humanizes her, making nature so close and related to every person. At any time of the year, everyone will find features that are characteristic of him, in the weather he will recognize his mood.

Man and nature are inseparable in creativity, and therefore his lyrics are characterized by a two-part composition: the life of nature is parallel to human life.

Features of Tyutchev's work are that the poet does not try to see the world around him through photographs or paints of artists, he endows it with a soul and tries to discern a living and intelligent being in it.

Philosophical motives

Tyutchev's work is philosophical in nature. The poet from an early age was convinced that the world contains some incomprehensible truth. In his opinion, words cannot express the secrets of the universe, text cannot describemystery of the universe.

He seeks answers to his questions by drawing parallels between human life and the life of nature. Combining them into a single whole, Tyutchev hopes to know the secret of the soul.

Other themes of Tyutchev's creativity

Tyutchev's worldview has another characteristic feature: the poet perceives the world as a dual substance. Fedor Ivanovich sees two principles, constantly fighting among themselves - demonic and ideal. Tyutchev is convinced that the existence of life is impossible in the absence of at least one of these principles. So, in the poem "Day and Night" the struggle of opposites is clearly expressed. Here the day is filled with something joyful, vital and infinitely happy, while the night is the opposite.

Life is based on the struggle between good and evil, in the case of Tyutchev's lyrics - a bright beginning and a dark one. According to the author, there is no winner or loser in this battle. And this is the main truth of life. A similar struggle takes place inside the person himself, all his life he strives to know the truth, which can be hidden both in his bright beginning and in the dark one.

From here we can conclude that Tyutchev's philosophy is directly related to global problems, the author does not see the existence of the ordinary without the great. In each microparticle, he considers the secret of the universe. The philosophical lyrics of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev reveal all the charm of the world around us as a divine cosmos.