Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich: biography, photo

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, whose biography is connected with Soviet poetry, devoted his whole life to serving not only the Museum, but also his state. Literary critics for some reason attribute him to the "second echelon" of domestic lyricists, while the poet has his own voice, many creative successes and merits.

Childhood and family

November 22, 1896 in St. Petersburg was born Nikolai Tikhonov, whose brief biography is described in one word: "Poet", and with a capital letter. His origin did not foreshadow the choice of such a path in the future. He appeared in a very simple and poor family. His father was a simple hairdresser, and his mother was a dressmaker. The family's income was more than modest, barely enough money for the necessary needs. They lived in the famous house on Morskaya Street, where Pushkin and Herzen once visited. But in Tikhonov's time it was a home for the poor: small dark rooms, kerosene lighting, squalid furnishings. The atmosphere in which the future poet grew up was in no way conducive todeveloping a love for art. Parents literally collected pennies to give their children at least a minimal education.

Study

Tikhonov Nikolay almost independently learned to read and write at the age of seven. Then the parents found an opportunity and sent the boy to study at the city school on Pochtamtskaya Street. He was very fond of reading, especially history and geography. Then he was able to continue his education at the Trade School, but at the age of 15 he had to leave it, as the family was in dire need of help, and he had to go to work. He never returned to school again. In fact, Tikhonov was self-taught, he drew knowledge from books, it was fascinating works about distant lands and adventures that prompted him to start literary activity.

The start of the journey

After school, Nikolai went to work as a scribe in the Marine Economic Administration. At the age of 19, he goes to military service, he served in the hussars for three years, the poet takes part in the battles of the First World War. In 1918, after the October Revolution, Tikhonov joined the Red Army, defending the rights of the new Soviet state for three years.

Nikolai Tikhonov writes his debut poems very early, at the age of 18 he composes his first works. His first publication appeared when he was 22 years old. In 1922, Nikolai was demobilized from the army and made the fateful decision to become a writer. At this time, he joins the avant-garde literary movement, becomes a member of the association"The Serapion Brothers" together with such authors as V. Kaverin, M. Zoshchenko, K. Fedin, M. Slonimsky. In the period of formation, Tikhonov is strongly influenced by acmeism and N. Gumilyov.

Years of success

In the early 1920s, Nikolai Tikhonov, whose photo often flashes in Soviet newspapers, is one of the galaxy of talented and very popular poets. He publishes the poem "Sami", the collections "Horde" and "Braga". His "Ballad of the Nails" is literally parsed into slogans and quotes. Since the late 1920s, Tikhonov has been traveling a lot, he has visited the Caucasus, Ukraine, Belarus, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. He became friends with many poets of the fraternal republics and during this period he made many translations of Georgian, Dagestan, Belarusian, Uzbek, Ukrainian lyrics. In 1935 he was sent to France to attend the Congress "In Defense of Peace". Since the poet actively supports the line of the party and government, he manages to publish a lot, travel, and speak to the public. In 1939, Tikhonov again enrolled in the army, he participated in the Russian-Finnish war as a war correspondent and editor of the newspaper On Guard of the Motherland. During the Second World War, he worked in the Political Directorate of the Leningrad Front. At this time, he writes a lot of prose and poetry, as well as journalism.

Post-war period

After the end of the war, Nikolai Tikhonov, a poet with a bright civil position, gives more and more strength to social work. Since 1949, he headed the Soviet Peace Committee, and thenWorld Peace Council. At this time, he makes many foreign trips to Europe and China. Since 1944, he has been working as chairman of the Union of Writers of the USSR, then he is included in the highest ranks of the leadership of this trade union. Since 1946, for many years he was a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, the Moscow City Council. Tikhonov writes much less during this period, and the fight against the opponents of the party line takes up a lot of time. In 1947, he actively joined the fight against cosmopolitanism, criticizing the book Pushkin and World Literature. Gradually, the passion for meetings, congresses and speeches takes up all his time, outliving the poet in him.

Poetic heritage

Tikhonov Nikolai Semenovich, whose biography is closely connected with the Soviet regime, left a not very rich, but interesting poetic legacy. There are more than 10 poems in his luggage, the most famous of which are Sami and Vyra. He created 10 author's collections of poems. The most notable were "Twelve Ballads", "Braga" and "Shadow of a Friend". The works of the last decades were too colored by ideology, which greatly reduced their penetration and artistic value. Patriotism has always been characteristic of his poetry, civil pathos was expressed in them vividly and effectively. In the post-war years, he chooses the main theme of his work - the life and experiences of a common man. A soldier, a fisherman's son, a peasant - the poet seeks to tell about their feelings, love for the Motherland, awareness of involvement in the formation of a great state of people's power and justice.

Prose by N. Tikhonov

Besides poetry, Nikolai Tikhonov wrote a lot of prose, and some stories and essays surpass his lyrics in terms of talent. His prose is a definite return to childhood dreams and impressions. So, the story "Vambury" tells about the adventures of an orientalist and a traveler. Some of his stories and novels are reminiscent of R. Kipling. Tikhonov seeks to talk about other countries, about the struggle for justice, which is why his works have such great educational power and are often read in schools. During his lifetime, seven collections of short stories and novellas were published, the most notable were "The Oath in the Fog", "Leningrad Tales", "Double Rainbow". In the last decade, Tikhonov has been writing memoirs, they are published in the book "The Writer and the Epoch" in 1972. Of great interest is his journalistic legacy. Works of the war period, travel essays in the collection "Nomads" tell about the heroism of ordinary people, about overcoming oneself in the name of an idea.

Awards and achievements

Tikhonov Nikolai was repeatedly marked by the government of the USSR for his patriotic activities. He is the only person who, apart from L. I. Brezhnev, was awarded the Lenin Prize and the International Lenin Prize "For the strengthening of peace between peoples." In 1966, he was the first writer to receive the honorary title of Hero of Socialist Labor. He was awarded the Stalin Prize three times, was awarded the Order of Lenin three times, the Order of the Red Banner, the Order of the October Revolution, the Patriotic War, the Red Banner of Labor. Also, Nikolai Semenovich was a laureate of manyprizes, including international ones, twice received State Prizes.

Public position

Nikolai Semenovich Tikhonov was an active defender of Soviet power all his life. He spoke for her ideals in his lyrics, as well as from various public platforms. He supported the party's line in the fight against cosmopolitanism, but at the same time did not support the accusations against Akhmatova and Zoshchenko and paid for this with the post of chairman of the Writers' Union. But in 1973, among other writers, he signed a letter that supported the accusations against A. Sakharov and A. Solzhenitsyn of anti-Soviet actions.

Private life

Nikolai Tikhonov, whose biography knew creative ups and downs, lived a completely prosperous life, having managed to get around many of the troubles that awaited other poets on their way to literature. He managed to go through four wars, but not even get badly injured. He was friends with many writers of our time, even after disgrace, M. Zoshchenko could always come to his house and find friendly participation there. Maria Konstantinovna Neslukhovskaya became a faithful companion of the poet. She was an artist, worked for many years in the puppet theater. The wife had a strong influence on the development of Tikhonov, in fact, she was engaged in his development and education, which he could not receive. The couple lived together for over 50 years. The couple had no children. In 1975, Maria Konstantinovna died, and four years later Nikolai Semenovich also left. The poet is buried in the cemetery inPeredelkino. A street in Makhachkala is named after him.