Yazikov Nikolai: biography

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The first third of the 19th century was marked by a charming "golden" time for Russian literature, which gave unsurpassed poets of the so-called Pushkin era. Now they are the eternal pillars of intelligence, knowledge of love, goodness and beauty, relying on which more than one generation of people has grown. One of these poets N. M. Yazykov is a friend of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol.

Nikolai Yazykov: biography

The poet was born on March 4, 1803 in a small town on the Volga, Simbirsk. His old rich noble family had deep roots. As a child, Nikolai was brought up in the best secular traditions. He received an excellent education at home, so he began to write poetry very early, he even adored this occupation.

At the age of 12, in 1814, he was sent to the Institute of Mining Engineers in St. Petersburg, where his two older brothers also studied. But this field was not to Yazykov's liking, and he periodically abandoned his studies. However, the teacher of literature Markov, who loved him like his own son, diligently forced the young man to studyscientific works of Derzhavin and Lomonosov. In 1820, after graduating from the institute, Yazykov decided to continue his studies at the Engineering Corps, but he soon stopped attending classes there, and he was expelled.

Derpt carefreeness

In St. Petersburg, Yazykov Nikolai Mikhailovich made acquaintances with a well-known writer's circle and in 1819 he began to publish for the first time. He admired and studied with such great teachers as Karamzin, Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Byron and the young Pushkin. The first to notice his poetic gift was A. F. Voeikov, who published his poems in the Competitor. He also recommended that Nikolai Mikhailovich enter the Dorpat Philosophical University, where the poet began to study Western European, Russian literature and literally fell into his native element.

University students were famous for their cheerful adventures, reckless revelry, drinking songs, rapier duels. Yazykov's poems were soon noticed and treated kindly by Zhukovsky, Delvig and Pushkin, who invited him in 1824 to his place in Mikhailovskoye and, in a verse to A. N. He wrote to Wulf: “Yes, Yazykov, bring the poet to me with you!” But their meeting took place only two years later.

Life is beautiful

In a very short time the name of the poet became famous, his sonorous poems were set to music and sung in the student choir. Yazykov Nikolai was pleased with the voluptuous Derptian life, but at the same time he never lost his national dignity. And despite the free and violent environment, his feelings for his homelandstrengthened and sung in poetry.

The poet even organized a circle of Russian students. In Dorpat, he spent his best 8 years, but due to constant carefree revelry, he graduated from the university without a diploma in 1829. Yazykov was saved by the fact that he was very well-read, and by that time he had a large library.

He met Pushkin in Trigorsky at Wulf's in 1826. This meeting influenced Yazykov's poetry, and Pushkin himself was delighted with the poet's work. The latter described all his impressions in his magnificent poem "Trigorskoye".

Moscow and office

After graduating from university in 1829, he moved to Moscow and lived in the Elagin-Kireevsky house near the Red Gate. Pushkin, Odoevsky, Baratynsky and others often came to visit him here. The poet quickly entered the Slavophil circle of the Moscow Bulletin. At this time, he wrote many of his, one might say, the best poems.

On September 12, 1831, Nikolai Yazykov was appointed an employee of the Land Survey Office, which he considered an obstacle to his work. By this time, the poet wanted to retire somewhere in the countryside and write more. But in 1833, he was diagnosed with neurosyphilis, a disease of the spinal cord. He retired, left Moscow and moved to his estate in Simbirsk, where he collected Russian songs and enjoyed poetic laziness. But the disease began to gradually progress, and in 1837 Yazykov went to Germany, where he did not get better.

In Hanau he met Gogol, and in 1842 they visited Rome and Venice together. When the poet waseasier, he eagerly took up his pen again. At this time, Yazykov wrote the poem "To the Rhine". At the end of the summer of 1843, his condition became hopeless and he returned to his homeland. In Moscow, his old friend Professor Inozemtsev monitored his he alth. But Yazykov was slowly fading away, his only entertainment was the weekly meetings of familiar writers.

Carried away by the views of his Slavophile friends, the poet attacked Westerners with his famous swearing message "To non-ours", in which he called the members of the Westernizing circle enemies of the fatherland. Then Yazykov wrote the work "Earthquake", which Zhukovsky considered the best in Russian poetry. Despite his serious illness, the poet continued to write poetry and, according to Gogol, reached the highest state of lyricism.

Death on the doorstep

In December 1846, the unmarried Yazykov developed a fever after a cold, and he began to prepare for death. The poet invited a priest to his place to perform the last duty of a true Christian, made funeral arrangements, prepared a list of people he wanted to see at his funeral, and ordered memorial dishes for dinner.

December 26, 1846 at six o'clock in the evening Yazykov Nikolai died quietly. He was buried on Tverskaya in the Church of the Annunciation and buried in the Danilov Monastery. Today, his grave, like Gogol's, has been moved to the Novodevichy Cemetery.