Bergholz Olga Fedorovna: biography (briefly)

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The name of Olga Bergholz is known to every inhabitant of our vast country, especially Petersburgers. After all, she is not just a Russian poet, she is a living symbol of the blockade of Leningrad. This strong woman had to go through a lot. Her short biography will be covered in the article.

Childhood and youth

Bergholz Olga Fedorovna was born in the late spring of 1910 in St. Petersburg. Her father Fedor Khristoforovich was a surgeon. Olga also had a younger sister, Maria. After the revolution, the Berggoltsev family moved to Uglich, as Petrograd was unsettled. The father of the family participated in the hostilities. Mother Maria Timofeevna, together with her daughters, lived for more than two years in the former Epiphany Monastery. Already in her old age, Olga recalled with warmth those times and the anxiety with which they left back to Petrograd after her father returned from the war.

The Berggolts lived on the very outskirts of the Nevskaya Zastava. In 1926 Olga graduated from a labor school. A year before, in one of the literary associations, she met Boris Kornilov, a poet and her future husband. Together with him, she studied at the Institute of Historyart.

It is with Kornilov that one of the tragedies of the poetess's difficult life is connected. In 1928 they got married, a few months later the couple had a daughter, Irina. The girl died at the age of eight from heart disease. Boris himself was shot in February 1938 on trumped-up charges.

1930s

Since 1930 she studied at the philological faculty of Leningrad University. I went to practice in Vladikavkaz, where I spent half of the summer and autumn, working in the newspaper "Power of Labor".

In the same year she divorced B. Kornilov and married Nikolai Molchanov. Olga Bergholz, whose biography is filled with tragic events, also survived her second husband. He died in 1942 in Leningrad from starvation.

After graduating from the university, he is assigned to Kazakhstan, where he works as a correspondent for the Sovetskaya Steppe newspaper. After returning to Leningrad, she worked for the Elektrosila newspaper until 1934.

In 1932, Olga and Nikolai had a daughter, Maya, but this motherhood turned out to be tragic. The baby died a year later.

In 1934, the poetess was admitted to the Writers' Union, where she was expelled several times, and then restored again.

In December 1938 Berggolts Olga was arrested on charges of having links with enemies of the people. She was pregnant at the time of her arrest. But this did not prevent her tormentors from carrying out torture. After all the beatings, the poetess gave birth to a dead baby in the prison hospital.

Six months after her arrest, she was released forfreedom and fully rehabilitated.

Years of the Great Patriotic War

In 1940 she joined the CPSU (b). The news of the beginning of the war found Olga in Leningrad. She immediately came to the local branch of the Writers' Union and offered her help. V. Ketlinskaya, head of the department, sent Olga Berggolts on the radio. Throughout the blockade, the quiet voice of the poetess supported the victorious spirit in Leningraders, her poems inspired hope.

It was Bergholz who became the personification of the resistance of the blockade. In November 1941, she and her ailing husband were being prepared for evacuation, but Molchanov died, and Olga decided to share the fate of the townspeople, remaining in Leningrad. Her best works were born here. "Leningrad Poem" by Olga Berggolts is dedicated to the defenders of the city and its courageous inhabitants.

At the end of 1942, she was able to visit Moscow. In those days, the poetess desperately missed her hometown and with all her heart longed to return. No amount of goodness in the form of hot meals, baths, etc. could stop her.

It was Olga Fyodorovna Bergholz who told the people of Leningrad in 1943 the good news about the breaking of the blockade.

In the summer of 1942, the poetess received the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad". After the end of the war, it was her words that were carved on the granite slab of the memorial cemetery: "…no one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten."

Last years of life

In 1949 she married for the third time. George became the chosen one of OlgaMakogonenko, literary critic and critic. In the post-war period, the poetess worked a lot, went on business trips. After a trip to Sevastopol, she wrote the tragedy "Loy alty".

In 1951 Berggolts Olga was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. Bitter poems met the death of I. V. Stalin.

In 1962, she divorced Makogonenko. The last years of his life, in fact, were spent in solitude. Only her sister Maria was nearby, who helped in everything and always.

Death

Death overtook the poet on November 13, 1975. Bergholz passed away at the age of 65.

She was buried at the Volkovskoye cemetery, although it was originally planned that the coffin with the body would be taken to Piskarevskoye. Many citizens did not manage to say goodbye to their beloved poetess, since the obituary was published in the newspaper only on the day of the burial.

The authorities made sure that there were not many people at the coffin, they were afraid of speeches, because they caused so much evil to Bergholz. In the end, we got what we wanted. E. Serebrovskaya, whom Olga could not stand for meanness and constant denunciations of writers and poets, delivered a speech. D. Granin, recalling the day of farewell to Bergholz, said that it was a cowardly funeral, instead of sadness and grateful memory, the poetess got only the anger of her ill-wishers.

Creativity

The first piece of poetry was published in 1925. Initially, Olga Bergholz, whose biography is rather tragic, positioned herself as a children's poet. She received praise from K. Chukovsky.

MilitaryThe years changed everything in her life. It was then that she found herself and went on the right creative path. Olga Berggolts, whose poems about the war gave hope and faith, has become a symbol of invincibility.

Among her best works are "February Diary", "Leningrad Poem", "Daytime Stars". After her death, the diaries of the poetess were published, which are of great value and contain many happy and painful memories.