Musa Jalil: biography and creativity briefly for children

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Musa Jalil is a famous Tatar poet. Every nation is proud of its outstanding representatives. More than one generation of true patriots of their country has been brought up on his poems. The perception of instructive stories in the native language begins from the cradle. Moral attitudes, laid down from childhood, turn into a person's creed for his whole life. Today his name is known far beyond Tatarstan.

The beginning of the creative path

The real name of the poet is Musa Mustafovich Jalilov. It is little known to anyone, since he called himself Musa Jalil. The biography of every person begins at birth. Musa was born on February 2 (15), 1906. The life path of the great poet began in the remote village of Mustafino, which is located in the Orenburg region. The boy was born into a poor family as the sixth child. Mustafa Zalilov (father) and Rakhima Zalilova (mother) did everything possible and impossible to raise their children as people worthy of respect.

To call childhood difficult is to say nothing. As inin any large family, all children began early to take all possible part in maintaining the economy, fulfilling the clear requirements of adults. The elders helped the younger ones and were responsible for them. The younger ones learned from the older ones and honored them.

Early showed a craving for learning Musa Jalil. A brief biography of his training fits into a few sentences. He tried to learn, could clearly and beautifully express his thoughts. His parents send him to Khusainia, a madrasah in Orenburg. Divine sciences were mixed with the study of secular subjects. The boy's favorite disciplines were literature, drawing and singing.

A thirteen-year-old teenager joins the Komsomol. After the end of the bloody civil war, Musa is engaged in the creation of pioneer detachments. To attract attention and explain the ideas of the pioneers in an accessible way, he writes poems for children.

Moscow is a new era of life

Soon he gets a membership in the Bureau of the Tatar-Bashkir section of the Central Committee of the All-Union Leninist Young Communist League and goes to Moscow on a ticket.

Moscow State University accepts him into their penates in 1927. Moussa becomes a student of the literary department of the Faculty of Ethnology. In 1931, Moscow State University is undergoing reorganization. Therefore, he receives a diploma in writing faculty. The poet Musa Jalil continues to compose all the years of his studies. His biography with poems written as a student is changing. They bring popularity. They are translated into Russian and read at university evenings.

Immediately after receiving his education, he is appointed editor of children's magazines in the Tatar language. In 1932 he worked in the city of Serov. He writes works in many literary genres. Composer Zhiganov N. creates operas based on the plots of the poems "Altyn Chech" and "Ildar". Musa Jalil put the legends of his people into them. The biography and work of the poet are entering a new era. The next career step in Moscow is the head of the department of literature and art of the Kommunist newspaper in the Tatar language.

The last pre-war years (1939-1941) in the life of Musa Jalil are connected with the Union of Writers of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. He was appointed executive secretary, in charge of the writing part of the Tatar Opera House.

War and the life of a poet

The Great Patriotic War burst into the life of the country and changed all plans. 1941 becomes a turning point for the poet. Musa Mustafovich Jalil consciously asks to go to the front. The biography of the poet-warrior is the path he chooses. He goes to the draft board, asks to go to the front. And gets rejected. The persistence of the young man soon gives the desired result. He received a summons and was drafted into the Red Army.

He is sent to a six-month course of political instructors in the small town of Menzelinsk. Having received the title of senior political officer, he is finally sent to the front line. First the Leningrad Front, then the Volkhov. All the time among the soldiers, under shelling and bombing. Courage on the verge of heroism commands respect. He collects material and writes articles for the Courage newspaper.

Luban operation1942 tragically ends Musa's writing career. On the outskirts of the village of Myasnoy Bor, he is wounded in the chest, loses consciousness and is taken prisoner.

A hero is always a hero

Severe trials either break a person or temper his character. No matter how worried about the shame of captivity Musa Jalil, the biography, a summary of which is available to readers, speaks of the immutability of his life principles. In conditions of constant control, exhausting work and humiliating bullying, he tries to resist the enemy. Looking for allies and opens his "second front" to fight fascism.

Initially, the writer ended up in a camp. There he called himself by a false name Musa Gumerov. It was possible to deceive the Germans, but not their fans. He was recognized even in Nazi dungeons. Moabit, Spandau, Plötzensee - these are the places of Musa's imprisonment. Everywhere he resists the invaders of his homeland.

In Poland, Jalil ended up in a camp near the town of Radom. Here he organized an underground organization. He distributed leaflets, his poems about victory, supported others morally and physically. The group organized the escapes of prisoners of war from the camp.

"Accomplice" of the Nazis in the service of the Fatherland

The Nazis tried to lure the captured soldiers to their side. The promises were tempting, but most importantly, there was a hope of staying alive. Therefore, he decides to take advantage of Musa Jalil's chance. Biography makes adjustments to the life of the poet. He decides to join the committee for organizingtraitor units.

The Nazis hoped that the peoples of the Volga region would rise up against Bolshevism. Tatars and Bashkirs, Mordovians and Chuvashs were supposed to form a nationalist detachment, according to their plan. The corresponding name was also chosen - "Idel-Ural" (Volga-Ural). This name was given to the state, which was to be organized after the victory of this legion.

The plans of the Nazis failed to come true. They were opposed by a small underground detachment created by Jalil. The first detachment of Tatars and Bashkirs sent to the front near Gomel turned their weapons against their new masters. In the same way, all other attempts by the Nazis to use detachments of prisoners of war against the Soviet troops ended. The Nazis abandoned this idea.

Last months of life

The Spandau concentration camp turned out to be fatal in the life of the poet. A provocateur was found who reported on the impending escape by the prisoners. Musa Jalil was among those arrested. Biography again takes a sharp turn. The traitor pointed him out as the organizer. The poems of his own composition and leaflets distributed by him urged not to lose heart, to unite for the fight and believe in victory.

The solitary cell of the Moabit prison became the last refuge of the poet. Torture and sweet promises, death row and gloomy thoughts did not break the core of life. He was sentenced to death. In Plötzensee prison on August 25, 1944, the sentence was carried out. The guillotine built in Berlin ended the life of the greathuman.

Unknown feat

The first post-war years became a black page for the Zalilov family. Musa was declared a traitor, accused of treason. The poet Konstantin Simonov played the role of a true benefactor - he contributed to the return of a good name. A notebook written in the Tatar language fell into his hands. It was he who translated the poems, the author of which was Musa Jalil. The biography of the poet changes after their publication in the central newspaper.

More than a hundred poems of the Tatar poet were squeezed into two small notebooks. Their size (the size of a palm) was necessary for hiding from bloodhounds. They received a common name from the place where Jamil was kept - "Moabit Notebook". Anticipating the approach of the last hour, Musa handed over the manuscript to his cellmate. Belgian Andre Timmermans managed to save the masterpiece.

After his release from the dungeons, the anti-fascist Timmermans took the poems back to his homeland. There, in the Soviet embassy, he handed them over to the consul. In such a roundabout way, evidence of the heroic behavior of the poet in the fascist camps came to his homeland.

Poems are living witnesses

The first time poems saw the light in 1953. They were issued in Tatar - the author's native language. The release of the collection is repeated two years later. Now in Russian. It was like returning from the next world. The good name of the citizen has been restored.

Musa Jalil was posthumously awarded the title "Hero of the Soviet Union" in 1956, twelve years after his execution. 1957 - a new wave of recognition of the greatness of the author. He was awarded the LeninAward for the popular collection "Moabite Notebook".

In his poems, the poet seems to foresee the future:

If they bring you news about me, They will say: “He is a traitor! He betrayed his homeland”, -

Do not believe, dear! The word isMy friends won't say if they love me.

His confidence that justice will prevail and the name of the great poet will not sink into oblivion is amazing:

A heart with the last breath of life

Will fulfill its firm oath:

I have always dedicated songs to my homeland, Now I give my life to my homeland.

Perpetuating the name

Today the name of the poet is known in Tatarstan, throughout Russia. He is remembered, read, praised in Europe and Asia, America and Australia. Moscow and Kazan, Tobolsk and Astrakhan, Nizhnevartovsk and Novgorod the Great - these and many other cities of Russia have made a great name in the names of their streets. In Tatarstan, the village received the proud name of Jalil.

Books and films about the poet allow us to understand the meaning of the poems, the author of which is the Tatar master of the word Musa Jalil. The biography, briefly presented for children and adults, is reflected in the animated images of the feature film. The film has the same title as his collection of heroic poems, The Moabite Notebook.