2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Fable is a small poem of a satirical nature, in which certain vices of society are ridiculed and criticized in an allegorical form. The Greek slave Aesop is considered to be the founder of the genre. It was he who, not being able, due to his dependent position, to directly express everything he wanted to the face of the offenders, and came up with a veiled form to express his attitude towards certain people, their actions, character traits. The traditions of Aesop were continued by the French poet La Fontaine, the Moldovan ones by Dmitry and Antioch Cantemir. And in Russian literature they were developed and raised to new heights by A. P. Sumarokov and I. A. Krylov.
The original source of the story
Krylov wrote his fable "The Wolf and the Lamb" according to the plot invented by Aesop. In this way, he creatively reworked more than one well-known story, creating on its basis an original, original work. Aesop's story is as follows: a lamb drank water from a river. The wolf saw him and decided to eat him. That's just the pretext tried to choose decently. At first the wolf rebukedthe baby is that he muddied the water - you can’t drink! The lamb excused himself by saying that he barely wets his lips, and is downstream of the wolf. Then the predator accused the opponent of defiling his - the wolf - father. But even here the lamb found something to answer: he was not even a year old, due to his age he could not do this. The wolf is tired of putting on a mask of decency. He declared openly: no matter how cleverly you make excuses, you will eat anyway! The moral of the story is clear: no matter how hard you try to prove your innocence, the better you do it, the less likely you are to win. Of course, if the enemy decided your fate in advance. Aesop's virtue is not triumphant, but defeated.
Krylov's variant
The poem "The Wolf and the Lamb" Krylov created in 1808, it was published in the "Dramatic Bulletin". And its author immediately began with morality, that is, the logical conclusion that readers should have come to by the end of their acquaintance with the text: “The strong are always to blame for the powerless …”. So that his “Wolf and Lamb” does not turn out to be unfounded, Krylov relies on historical perspectives, emphasizing that there are “a lot of examples” for this principle. But in the following lines, he contrasts what was said with his own attitude: "… we do not write history." It turns out that the fable is a manifestation of an individual case. And the generally accepted postulates are just such specific cases that are checked.
Artistic Features
Krylov's fable "The Wolf and the Lamb" is an epic work. This can be seen, for example, insuch a detail: the author's position can be traced clearly from the very beginning of the fable. But instead of the direct “I”, Krylov uses the generalized “we”. Reception of detachment makes it possible to depict the inner space objectively. In general, the whole poem is quite realistic in terms of plausibility. The wolf is precisely the predator, the lamb is the embodiment of the victim. Relations between them are characteristic of those that exist in the natural environment. True, the wolf is hypocritical. He is going to deal with his victim on "legal grounds", that is, to legitimize lawlessness. Thus, the motive of social relations arises in the fable "The Wolf and the Lamb". Krylov reveals the morality of the work, revealing the true value of the speeches and actions of the predator. As soon as the wolf showed his hypocrisy, exposed his undisguised calculation, he dragged the lamb to be torn to pieces. A reasonable life, based on strict but fair laws, is one thing. But the immorality and lies of reality are a completely different matter. And her immorality is criticized by the great fabulist.
Here is the deep meaning hidden in this simple work known to us from school!
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