2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, a new style of "modern" developed in Europe, affecting many aspects of the society of that time. Art Nouveau in the visual arts, mostly in painting and sculpture, gave new impetus to the work of artists. Landscape Art Nouveau demanded radical changes in the layout of parks and gardens. The interior design in houses has changed significantly, non-standard solutions have appeared in the design of living rooms, dining rooms and boudoirs.
The renovated interior required a completely different environment, and thus, in a short time, the Art Nouveau style in furniture was formed. After the Baroque and Rococo, it was not easy to find new forms for armchairs and sofas, but the furniture makers successfully coped with this task. Art Nouveau was rapidly gaining its place under the sun, organically fitting into the canons of previous styles and gradually pushing them out of circulation.
The new Art Nouveau style in architecture has confidently and powerfully manifested itself. The architects abandoned excessive symmetry, as a result of which the emancipation of small architectural forms appeared,the facades of buildings revived, the dominant contours became more diverse. The new buildings no longer had the former angularity. More precisely, the corners are rounded. All these innovations gave the architects freedom of action, and the Art Nouveau style in architecture became a deeply creative process.
To the full use of new opportunities in the construction of Antonio Gaudi, the famous Catalan, an unsurpassed talented architect. For him, Art Nouveau in architecture was fertile ground for further development. One of the most beautiful cities in the world, Spanish Barcelona, is built up with Art Nouveau houses. In all the work of Gaudi there is a charm of novelty of style. The bewitching splendor of the Sagrada Familia and the Park Güell leaves no one indifferent, the Casa Batllo leaves a deep impression, a building of rare beauty, although it is an ordinary residential building. In the same row are the House of Vicens and the House of Calvet - both mansions are unique in their architectural merit. Without exception, all of Gaudí's buildings are masterpieces that reflect Art Nouveau architecture.
Simultaneously with the Art Nouveau style, the so-called Northern Art Nouveau appeared in architecture. At the beginning of the 20th century, there was mutual interest between the Scandinavian countries and the northern capital of Russia - St. Petersburg. At the initiative of patron S. P. Diaghilev held regular exhibitions of painting. And later, an architectural society of mutual interests was formed, which laid the foundation for northern Russian modernism. The monumental buildings of ancient Novgorod and Pskov were taken as the basis of the new trend. Then andornaments were introduced, which are a characteristic feature of the Art Nouveau architectural style.
The ornament has become an organic addition to the Art Nouveau style in architecture. His themes could be very different, but in any case, it bore the stamp of abstraction, some kind of metaphysics. Images and patterns were repeated in strict sequence. With a fairly free architecture of the entire building, the Art Nouveau ornament introduced a note of order eclecticism into the facade outlines, unusual for the Art Nouveau style, but in moderate doses very useful for it.
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