2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Today we will discuss a concept from the world of music - a pipe. This is a common name applied to folk musical wind instruments. All of them belong to the family of longitudinal flutes. This term is actively used in Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.
Tool design
The musical instrument of the pipe is a pipe with a whistle device and playing holes. They differ in size and shape. For the manufacture of such tools, buckthorn, linden, pine, hornbeam, hazel, ash, maple are used.
Often the pipe was made from reeds, elder cane. The instrument has side holes and a mouthpiece for blowing. In modern practice, ebonite and aluminum are used for manufacturing. The pipes are twisted, burned out, drilled by hand, sharpened on the machine. Such designs are collapsible and solid.
Pistonovka
Such a pipe is a musical instrument that has become widespread mainly in Belarus. It is a wooden cylindrical tube,equipped with a whistle device and complemented by a piston with a handle.
Sound extraction is carried out by supplying a jet of air, as well as swinging, rhythmic movements of the piston, due to which the pitch is determined. The lowest is formed in the open position of the piston.
The highest is indoors. A pipe-piston is an auditory instrument that does not have a system. Playing it is primarily associated with the auditory sensations of the performer.
Kalyuka
The pipe named above is a musical instrument belonging to the class of wind instruments. Its other names are thorn, distillation, herbal pipe. This is a type of longitudinal overtone flute. As you play it, natural overtones are blown out. Structurally, it is a hollow cylinder with special holes. Made from the stalk of the prickly tatar.
Also, some other plants can be used in this case. Experts learned about the use of this instrument in traditional Russian culture only in 1980. After that, it found wide application in ensembles. In culture, the instrument is considered exclusively male. Inventions similar to the Kalyuka are found among various peoples of the world.
The game is played by closing and opening the hole of the tube with a finger, also by changing the strength of the air stream that is fed into the instrument. When using such a pipe, it is held vertically down with both hands. This allows the pad of the index finger to close and open the bottom opening. Tool size may varydepending on the length of the player's arms.
For children, this parameter is in the range of 25-30 cm, for adults - 72-86 cm. The length of the tube is adjusted, also based on the height of the owner. The indicated indicator is considered acceptable if the lower opening mentioned above can be closed with fingers or a palm. The length of the flute, therefore, should not exceed arm's length, measured from the shoulder to the fingertips.
Kalyuka's body has a conical passage, it tapers slightly from top to bottom. The inner diameter of the tubes is in the range of 15-25 mm. The same indicator for the outlet is 12-14 mm, the top one is 19-23 mm.
Dudka was discovered in 1980 by students of the Leningrad and Moscow Conservatories in the villages of Podserednee and Bolshebykovo. These settlements are located halfway to Voronezh from Belgorod.
Other varieties
A musical instrument with a pipe with three holes is common in Western Europe. The artist plays with one hand on it, with the other - on the bell or drum. Separately, it should be said about the nozzle.
In Ukraine, this name has survived to this day. In Russia, it is rare. The term we are interested in also refers to bagpipes. The popularity of the pipe is evidenced by the many sayings and proverbs in which it is mentioned.
On the same stage
The orchestra of Russian folk instruments combines most of the inventions mentioned above. It includes instruments from the family of balalaikas and domras, zhaleika, button accordions, ps altery. The first such groupcreated in St. Petersburg in 1888 by Vasily Andreev. The group was united into the “Circle of Balalaika Fans”.
After the concerts that took place not only in Russia, but also abroad, the team received the name of the "Great Russian Orchestra". The October Revolution has passed. Such a phenomenon as an orchestra of Russian folk instruments has become widespread. Such groups existed almost everywhere: in clubs, cultural centers, concert organizations.
The repertoire of such orchestras usually includes arrangements of folk songs, as well as arrangements of compositions that were written for other compositions. There are works written for such a group of musicians.
Modern orchestras are creative teams that perform at the largest venues in Russia and in other countries. The team includes three-string domras: bass, alto, small, piccolo.
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