2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
You are walking down the street and suddenly you see two sculptures in front of you, frozen and as if lifeless. Someone puts a coin in a hat lying right here on the sidewalk, and the sculptures come to life. They perform a dance or make some kind of movement characteristic of the characters they represent, and then freeze again. The performance (performance) is not over while the sculptures are here, it continues, it just went into a static form.
"Performance? What is it?" - you ask. This is one of the areas of contemporary art. It arose in the sixties of the last century, when stereotypes were broken in all areas of human life: art, politics, social and interpersonal relations. Many new trends in philosophy, cinema, fine arts, music appeared just then. As for contemporary art, at the same time there appeared currents similar to the direction of "performance art" in terms of the form of presentation - actionism, happening and others. What do they have in common and how do they differ?
First, let's figure it out, performance - what is it? This is a short artistic or theatrical action thattakes place at a given moment in a given place and is produced by the artist himself or by a group of participants. It differs from the theater in that the participants in the performance do not play learned and rehearsed other people's roles. They act within the framework of the character or group of characters depicted by them, "live" it. They do not have written roles, but the plot, as a rule, is present. Another distinctive feature of this direction of contemporary art is the central role of the person representing it. If someone has a question: "Performance - what is it?" - we can safely answer that this is primarily the performer himself, his body, gestures, additional attributes in the form of costumes, props and other expressive means. This is the main difference from the fine arts, where the object of representation is a canvas or sculpture. In addition, unlike classical art, the perception and understanding of performance does not require special intellectual preparation, it is designed for any passer-by who looked, was surprised and went further, without thinking about how to classify this action, who was its founder and what will be consequences.
The closest associates of this kind of performance are actionism and happenings. We already know about the performance, that it is a theatrical action of the artist, which does not pursue any specific goals and does not require the direct participation of the public. This is its main difference from happening, which is possible only with the active participation of the public. Happening is only "started" by the artist, and what will come out in the end depends on the spectators-participants.
Actionism is a direction in contemporary art that focuses not on the fruit of creativity, but on creativity itself, on the process of creating a work of art. An artist paints in front of an audience, a musician steps on musical pedals, and music sounds from under his feet, and so on. Gradually, actionism underwent changes and merged with politics and outrageousness. Today we see a lot of outrages called "artistic actions". One of the most famous and resonant of them is the “trick” of the Pussy Riot group in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior. It was a protest action carried out through musical and visual means (multi-colored tights on the heads, the use of musical instruments, the recitation of certain political texts). Therefore, the girls believed that they were performing an act in the spirit of actionism, what came of it, we know.
The described directions (actionism, happening, performance) in art are perceived differently. Both supporters and opponents give weighty arguments in favor of their positions. Perhaps the only worthy judge in this dispute will be time, which will put everything in its place. Let's wait a bit…
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