Surkov Alexey Alexandrovich: biography, poems about the war

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Many people in our country are familiar with this name - Surkov Alexey Alexandrovich. Representatives of the older generation will even be able to recite lines from the poems of a wonderful poet.

Peru Surkov owns many works, but the most famous were his poems written during the Great Patriotic War.

Biography milestones

The future poet was born into a peasant family in the Yaroslavl province at the very end of the 19th century. Due to poverty, like many of his comrades, at the age of 12 he was forced to go to work "into the people" in the capital of the then tsarist Russia - the city of St. Petersburg.

The revolution and the civil war found his youth dreaming of transforming the country and getting a good education in order to publish his poetry.

Aleksey Alexandrovich Surkov, whose biography is full of various events, it was at this time that he made his first serious decision: he went to the front and fought on the side of the Red Army.

After the victory of the Bolsheviks, he returns to his native village, where he is actively working. Becomes a Komsomol member, and in 1925 joins the party.

In the same years, the poet edits one of the first in Yaroslavlnewspapers, which was called "Northern Komsomolets".

In 1928, another important event happens in the life of a young poet: he moves to permanent residence in Moscow, the capital of Soviet Russia.

First literary successes

Surkov Alexey Aleksandrovich enters the Institute of Red Professors in Moscow and graduates from it in 1934. He chooses the Faculty of Literature, since from his youth he dreams of literary glory. Defends a dissertation. Becomes a teacher at the Literary Institute.

The glory of the poet is not long in coming. Back in 1930, Surkov released his first collection of poems, which was called "Zapev".

In this and his subsequent collections, he glorifies the courageous fighters for a brighter future, writes about military feat and valor.

In those years, his most popular works were the poems "Konarmeyskaya song", "The Last War", "So we grew up." The poet is appointed editor of the young journal "Literary Studies", is active in social activities, takes part in the Soviet-Finnish war.

At the same time, Surkov starts a family. He marries a young and beautiful woman - the writer Sofya Antonovna Krevs. A daughter and a son were born in marriage.

The Great Patriotic War

The war found the poet at the front. As a front-line correspondent, Aleksey Aleksandrovich Surkov visited most of the battles of the Great Patriotic War.

He wrote not only notes in newspapers, but also poems that helped Soviet soldiers survive difficultdays.

The poet himself, having gone through the civil war, was not afraid of death, boldly looking into her face. The memoirs of his friends have been preserved, which testify to the extraordinary courage of Surkov.

During the war, the poet published many beautiful poems. And these were his most famous works: “Song of the Defenders of Moscow”, “Not a Step Back”, “Song of the Brave”, “Poems about Hate”.

However, Aleksey Alexandrovich Surkov, whose poems breathe hatred for enemies and faith in the victory of the Soviet people, remained in the memory of most people as the author of only one beautiful poem, which later became a folk song.

Let's talk briefly about the history of the creation of this poem.

A poet's masterpiece

Now we all know this work as the poem "In the dugout". “Fire is beating in a tight stove …” - who does not know these famous dates?

The poem was written by the author in the terrible days and nights of the defense of Moscow, when the enemies could see the towers and domes of the Kremlin from their binoculars. There were a huge number of wounded and dead, death was waiting for the fighters everywhere (that's why there is a phrase in the poem that there are only 4 steps to death).

However, this poem is not about death, but about life. It is permeated with love for a woman and the hope of meeting her. In this poem, two images are intertwined: an earthly woman-mother, who, rocking a cradle with a child, thinks about her husband, who is at the front, and the Motherland, who mourns for everyonetheir dead children.

The poem is a poet and sent to his wife, who is in evacuation with her daughter, in a simple soldier's triangle envelope.

When the work was published, it became as popular as the lines of Surkov's peer and friend, the poet K. Simonov, who wrote the famous lines "Wait for me…" from the front to his wife Valentina Serova.

By the way, Simonov dedicated his famous poem “Do you remember, Alyosha….” to Surkov.

After the war

Surkov Aleksey Aleksandrovich finished fighting in 1945 with the rank of lieutenant colonel. He wrote a lot, published a collection of poems about victory.

After the war, the poet continued his literary activity as an editor of the Ogonyok magazine and many other publications. He taught at the Literary Institute, published poems by Russian and Soviet poets.

Surkov Alexey Alexandrovich, whose work includes about 20 poetry collections, a huge number of literary critical articles, has achieved real fame. He was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, he was the Laureate of two Stalin Prizes. Surkov also achieved great heights in the leadership of the CPSU. Conducted active political work.

Colleagues in the literary workshop differently evaluated his creative heritage and social activities. Among them were those who called Surkov a party functionary, but there were people who understood the subtle lyricism of his poems, guessing that he was primarily a writer.

The poet died,reaching the age of 83. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery.

The Meaning of Creativity

Many years have passed since Surkov's death. The socio-political system has changed, the country itself has changed. Much has been forgotten, many events have been rethought.

But the name of Surkov is known today to many Russians because once this man wrote wonderful poetic lines about courage and love that the whole country knows: “Fire is beating in a cramped stove …”. And I want to always sing this song and admire its beauty and sincerity.