2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
The bright and striking beauty of India's nature is reflected in various types of decorative folk art. However, the religion practiced in this or that region of this multinational and multi-confessional country had a significant influence on the Indian ornament used to decorate fabrics and jewelry, furniture and utensils.
Floral ornament
In the part of India where the main religion is Islam, the most widespread, as well as in other Muslim cultures, are floral and geometric ornaments. This is due to the fact that in this religion there is a ban on the image of the face of Allah, people and animals. Indian masters have reached the highest level of craftsmanship, creating floral patterns. The most beloved and popular are the sacred lotus flower, symbolizing creativity, carnation and mango, pomegranate. Often the patterns include images of trees - palm trees and cypress.
So, in the northern state of Uttar Pradeshthe main Indian ornament is flower garlands and medallions. As well as the Tree of Life, borrowed from Persian culture. Such ornaments and patterns are applied not only to household items, they also decorate walls in houses, decorate fabrics and use them in the traditional art of henna painting - mehendi. Among the whole variety of plant patterns, one should single out such an Indian ornament as buta, better known in Europe as paisley.
Indian Cucumber
Buta is a very important symbol meaning fire in Indian culture.
This pattern is beloved in India, widely used in art and daily activities. Sarees and shawls embellished with various interpretations of the “Turkish cypress”, as paisley is also called, are worn by women of all faiths. The question of where and when this Indian ornament appeared, the pattern of which is very popular in the modern world and adorns furniture, clothes, shoes, jewelry and other items in many countries, is still open. India and Persia have been arguing for supremacy for several centuries. The basis of this pattern is a teardrop shape with a curved tip, which can be empty or filled from the inside with floral or abstract patterns and elements.
Geometric patterns
No less popular and widespread are various geometric Indian patterns and ornaments, among which one can single out "gyasir" - fish scales, "jali" - lattice.
Often when creating patterned motifssimple lines and angles, triangles are used, directed both upwards and symbolizing the masculine, and downwards - personifying the feminine. On the fabrics, you can see squares, rhombuses and circles, which can be filled with both geometric and floral elements. Indian ornament often uses the checkerboard pattern and the swastika motif as a symbol of divine fire and the sun. This group of patterns also includes religious ones, depicting the obligatory attributes of the gods - tridents (trishuls), various drums (damars) and such a common ritual pattern as tilak - a checkmark with a dot in the center. When decorating clothes, images of scenes from the divine life of Ganesha, Shiva and Krishna can be performed.
Animal Images
In Central India and Rajasthan, where most of the population professes Buddhism and Hinduism, floral and geometric patterns are used in the decor. As well as images of animals such as elephants, camels and lions, and birds, as a rule, parrots and peacocks with loose tails - symbolizing well-being and prosperity.
It should be noted such a feature of Indian art as naturalism and the almost complete absence of stylization when creating animalistic patterns and ornaments.
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