Pushkin's birthday. Date of birth of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

The great Russian classic, poet Alexander Pushkin, was born in the Russian Empire during the reign of Emperor Paul the First. Pushkin's date of birth in historical sources is indicated in two ways: May 26 and June 6, 1799. So which one is correct? The thing is that May 26 is Pushkin's birthday according to the Roman (old) calendar, and June 6 is according to the modern Julian calendar. In any case, today all admirers of the talent of the brilliant Russian poet annually celebrate his birthday on June 6th. Pushkin's birthplace is the current capital of our country, the city of Moscow. However, in those years it was considered the second city in the country after St. Petersburg.

1799 for Russia

The end of the 18th century was very difficult for Russia. The people did not really like the current Emperor Paul the First. Within a short time ofreign, he became so disgusted with his people that on the day of his death, people did not mourn for him, but congratulated each other. However, during his reign, Russia was able to expand its borders, and all thanks to the great generals. By the way, on Pushkin's birthday, Russian troops won and took the city of Turin. And in general, this year was the most successful for the Russian troops, it was full of high-profile and valiant victories and attacks, as well as serious conquests for Russia. So, the year of birth of Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich - the last year of the 18th century - was marked by the victories of the Russian army and the birth of a great genius - the most talented of all Russian poets.

Pedigree

By origin, A. S. Pushkin is a nobleman, his roots come from the un titled branched family of Pushkins, ascending, according to legend, to Ratsha - “an honest man”, who was a contemporary of Alexander Nevsky. The poet's maternal great-great-grandfather was the African Abram Petrovich Hannibal, a pupil of Peter the Great, who later became a general. His paternal grandfather, Lev Pushkin, was an artillery colonel, but the writer's father was far from military life. He was a man of the world, an amateur poet, and was known as a great wit. Another fairly well-known poet in the family was his paternal uncle, Vasily. However, on Pushkin's birthday, his relatives probably did not even imagine that their family had a "luminary of Russian poetry" - a poet whose works will be known by heart in many countries of the world even several centuries after his death.

Childhood

Birthday of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - May 26, 1977. On May 27, that is, a day after the future poet was born, in the metric book of the Elkhovskaya Church of the Epiphany, an entry was made that Sergei Pushkin had a male child, who was named Alexander. 10 days later, the boy was baptized in the same church. Little Sasha usually spent summers at the estate of his beloved grandmother Maria Alekseevna Gannibal. The respectable lady lived in the Moscow region, near the town of Zvenigorod. Already at the age of 14-15, Pushkin began to compose his first poems: "Monk" and "Bova"; in 1915, 16-year-old Pushkin wrote the poem "Message to Yudin", and a year later - "Dream".

Youth

Pushkin studied at the Lyceum in Tsarskoe Selo for about 6 years, during which his gift as a poet was consistently revealed. Here he also made true friends and like-minded people. During this period, French poetry served as inspiration for him. He especially liked the works of Voltaire and Guys. Of the Russian poets, he idolized Zhukovsky and Batyushkov. Many poems of the great poet belong to the lyceum period. Later, when his poetry acquired a socio-political color, Derzhavin became interested in his works. Every year on Pushkin's birthday, his classmates arranged creative evenings and recited poems in his honor.

After the lyceum, which he graduated from in 1817, Pushkin began to serve in the college of foreignaffairs. During these years, he joined the theatrical art, did not miss a single performance. Pushkin also visited the Arzamas Literary Society and the Green Lamp Literary and Theater Society. Here he became friends with many of the Decembrists, although he was initially unaware of their main activities.

Adult life

Further in the life of the poet begins a period of exile and persecution. And all the fault of his freedom-loving disposition and craving for justice. Many of his works are imbued with a fighting spirit, unwillingness to put up with the state of affairs that was inherent in Russia during the reign of Nicholas the First. This is connected with the closeness of the poet with many Decembrists, his freedom-loving poems and poems. And it was because of this heightened sense of justice that his death occurred.

The death of a poet

In the winter of 1836, there was a rumor in the world about the connection between Pushkin's wife Natalia and the emperor. And then, in order to divert suspicion from the royal person, they already gossiped about the love affair between Natalya and the courtier, Baron Dantes. Pushkin had no choice but to stand up for the honor of his wife and challenge the baron to a duel. Their duel took place on February 27, 1837, four months before the poet's 38th birthday. After all, the date of birth of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is May 26 (June 6), 1799. As a result of the duel, the writer was mortally wounded. He died two days later, and Russian literature was orphaned, having lost a brilliant poet and prose writer at such a young age. Alexander Sergeevich was buried at the Svyatogorsk cemetery, nearnative Mikhailovsky.

How Pushkin's birthday is celebrated today

Today there is no such city in Russia where there would be no school named after the great Russian classic. Monuments to Pushkin were erected in front of the facade of these schools. And in all of them, traditionally twice a year - on the birthday of the poet and on the day of his death - there are creative evenings or matinees dedicated to these memorable dates. Events traditionally begin with the laying of flowers at the monument to the writer, then everyone goes to the assembly hall, and the solemn part begins. Pupils recite memorized poems, excerpts from poems, fairy tales written by Pushkin, there are even theater performances based on the works of the great poet. In addition, on memorable days, events are held in libraries that also bear the name of the writer. Students of philological faculties also do not bypass these days. Universities hold interesting lectures, seminars, during which students and teachers talk about the life and work of the great classic - the luminaries of Russian literature.

Pushkin's birthday party outside of Russia

Pushkin's work is known not only in Russia, but also abroad. His works are highly respected in the countries of the former USSR: Armenia, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, etc. In many cities of the post-Soviet space there are schools named after the great poet and prose writer. And they also annually celebrate memorable dates associated with the name of Alexander Sergeevich. In some of the former Sovietrepublics there are representative offices of Rossotrudnichestvo. The contribution of this organization to the development of social and cultural interaction between Russia and these countries is simply invaluable. So, for example, thanks to her in Yerevan, Baku, Minsk and Astana, Chisinau and other capitals, evenings dedicated to the memory of great Russian poets and writers, including Pushkin, are held annually. So, for example, in the city of Yerevan, at school number 8, bearing the name of A. S. Pushkin, on June 6, very meaningful events are organized annually. Probably, few people know that there are mountain passes not far from the capital of Armenia, which are called “Pushkin passes”. It was here, according to legend, that Pushkin met Griboedov's lifeless body, which was being transported from Persia to Russia. In the same place, among the incredibly beautiful nature, all immersed in the greenery of oaks and elms, there is a monument to the great poet. Schoolchildren from different Armenian schools come here on the birthday of Alexander Pushkin, lay flowers, recite poems at the foot of the monument, read lines from stories, exchange opinions, etc.

Other great people born on Pushkin's birthday

On the same day when the great Russian poet was born, only exactly 200 years before him, the Spanish artist, a representative of the Baroque, Diego Rodriguez Velasquez, was born. But almost 100 years later, the world-famous Armenian composer, the author of such works as the ballet "Spartacus" and "Gayane" and many others, Aram Khachaturian, was born. Russian poet and translator was born on the same dayNikolay Ushakov.