Moscow State Tretyakov Gallery: works, exhibitions

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

One of the most famous, popular and sought-after museums among Muscovites and guests of the city is the State Tretyakov Gallery. It was founded back in 1856 by Pavel Tretyakov. It was in honor of this merchant that the institution got its name. At the moment it is a large cultural institution of the state level. It combines several separate components at once, large and small objects. But the largest building, which is located in Lavrushinsky lane of the capital, remains the central among them.

Gallery buildings

Today, the State Tretyakov Gallery and its main works are located in the house of the Tretyakov merchants, as well as a number of small buildings that are in close proximity to it.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the museum received a new facade that adorns it to this day. Sketches for it were created by the notorious artist Vasnetsov. In order to emphasize that the museum presents mainly works of Russian art, a special neo-Russian style was chosen. So, the coat of arms of Moscow adorns the facade of the building.

BWithin the framework of a single complex, images of St. George the Victorious, a ceramic frieze, as well as an original inscription made in ligature are collected. It is she who informs each of the visitors of the Moscow State Tretyakov Gallery, who acted as the original donors for the museum, that is, Sergei and Peter.

Already in the 1930s, to the right of the main building, another room was erected according to the project of Shchusov. To the left of it is an additional engineering building.

The role of the merchant Tretyakov in the creation of the gallery

The House of the State Tretyakov Gallery, where many works are now stored, originally belonged to the Tretyakov family.

Pavel Tretyakov himself was not only a merchant, he was also a philanthropist, who initially collected his own collection. Among its exhibits there were only works created by Russian artists. He began to collect it from the distant 1856. By the end of the century, the merchant transferred all his unique exhibits to the ownership of the city. At that time, it already included 518 graphic samples along with 1287 picturesque categories, as well as 8 drawings created by masters of the European school, and 75 paintings from foreign authors. In addition, the collection included several valuable icons and sculptures.

Initially, the collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery owes it to the impeccable taste of the merchant. The exhibits he collected are even now included in the golden fund of the art of the entirecountries.

Gallery Story

Tretyakov began to collect works, which later became the basis of the State Tretyakov Gallery, back in the early 50s. XIX century. But the official founding date of the museum is 1856, when it acquired the notorious works of Khudyakov and Schilder for its collection.

In subsequent years, as the merchant's collection expanded, public attention increased to it.

Paul owned a huge house, not far from which there were a number of additional buildings. But it was not possible to place all the works of art he had within their walls. Already in the 20th century, all the rooms of the once residential building were converted by craftsmen into separate halls of a spacious gallery. But even this solved the problem only for a while.

All new works were sent to the State Tretyakov Gallery, so a few decades later it was decided to move some of the exhibits to the building located on Krymsky Val. At the same time, all the works dated before 1910 remained in the original house. More modern exhibits have moved to a new building.

Gallery collections

The modern State Tretyakov Gallery, whose collections are known all over the world, has hundreds of thousands of its own exhibits. In addition to permanent works, temporary exhibitions are regularly held within its walls. In recent years, the museum continues to develop actively, offering its guestsall new directions, including in the form of creative studios for children and others.

Art objects dating back to the 11th-beginning of the 20th century are located in the original building of the State Tretyakov Gallery. The collection includes works by a number of world-famous masters, as well as little-known artists. Within the walls of the gallery are the works of Rublev and Theophan the Greek, as well as Dionysius.

Separately allocated in the museum halls with works of the XVIII-XIX centuries. There are paintings by such eminent masters as Levitsky and Rokotov, Bryullov, Borovikovsky and many others.

Particular attention is paid to the realistic direction of Russian art, which was especially developed towards the end of the 19th century. This category includes paintings by Repin and Shishkin, Levitan and Kramskoy, Surikov and other more and less well-known authors.

Also, the museum created an exhibition covering creativity that came at the turn of the century and the beginning of the twentieth century. Mostly Serov, Vrubel, masters from the Union of Russian Artists and others are represented here.

Today, not only paintings are presented within the walls of the State Tretyakov Gallery. One of the brightest and most memorable parts of the current exposition is the Treasury. Here you can see all kinds of art products created in the XII-XX centuries. For their manufacture, both precious stones and noble metals, as well as other materials were used.

Graphics that needs special conditionsstorage, taken out in the museum in a separate section. In the halls where such works are located, special soft lighting has been created.

Famous gallery paintings

Today the exhibitions of the State Tretyakov Gallery are located in a huge number of halls. Moreover, in each of them real masterpieces of their time are found. Pavel Tretyakov himself assigned a special place to Petrov's creations, so the museum houses his best paintings - "Troika" and many others.

On the other hand, the original owner of the collection has always been fond of landscapes. To this day, the history of Russia can be traced in the gallery through paintings. Adjacent to such collections are portrait halls, in which the most famous artists, writers and composers of various times are represented - these are Dal, Turgenev, Ostrovsky, Nekrasov and many others.

Popular works of Russian artists

Initially, Tretyakov actively supported the partnership that organized traveling art exhibitions. It was on them that he himself often acquired the next masterpieces for his collection. Of the most famous in such conditions, the paintings “Rooks Have Arrived”, “Pine Forest” and many others were bought, the names of which are no less famous than the creators themselves.

Over time, the merchant's collection included works written by Repin and Surikov, Shishkin and others.

In addition to the indicated authors and paintings, the well-known "Black Square" along withworks by Kuindzhi, Bryullov and others.

Museum collection

It is possible to list the current exhibits of this museum for a very long time due to their huge number. The pride of the gallery was and remains the works classified as the best paintings in the golden age of painting by Russian artists.

Besides this, the art of the Wanderers is exhibited here. These are the creations of Levitan and Nesterov, Benoit, Roerich, Serov and Vrubel.

Later, after the revolution, the number of museum exhibits continued to grow. In many ways, this was facilitated by the nationalization of the collected collections, as well as the active work of artists in those years. In the halls of the museum, one can trace the development and main trends characteristic of the art of the Soviet period.

Modernity

Today, the halls of the museum showcase trends in graphics and Russian painting, objects of decorative and applied art created in the period from the 11th to the 21st centuries, as well as a number of ancient icons and works by famous Russian artists.

Every year the gallery is visited by millions of guests. In addition, hundreds of exhibitions of various kinds travel from its walls to various corners of the big country.