2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
The work of M. Yu. Lermontov is a fertile topic for study. Schoolchildren, as a rule, are sincerely interested in the tragic fate of the poet, intrigued by the ambiguity, mystery of the personality, carried away by bright expressive lyrics, touched by loneliness and misunderstanding even by close people and friends. The poems of Mikhail Yuryevich are easily and with pleasure memorized by heart. Perhaps only such sharp, socio-philosophical works, as, for example, the elegy "Duma", can cause some difficulties in interpretation and understanding.
Introduction to the topic
It is more logical for a teacher or a student (on the instructions of the teacher) to make a short introductory report covering the socio-historical situation in Russia in the 30s and 40s. and a preliminary analysis of the poem "Duma". Lermontov - it is worth emphasizing - was a representative of the advanced part of the nobility. He considered himself and his generation to be the spiritual heirs and successors ofDecembrists. The tsarist regime did its best to erase the events that took place in 1825 from the memory of the intelligentsia, the people. The era of reaction and timelessness has come, the persecution of every living thought, critical idea, that is, everything that was at odds with the policy of the autocracy. And all those who disagreed, the obstinate, were waiting for the inevitable retribution, the fate of Pushkin is a vivid example of this. At this point, the teacher should focus the attention of the class, starting the analysis of the poem "Duma". Lermontov and his like-minded people tried to oppose their inner freedom to external bondage, to withdraw into themselves, into their inner world - this was a kind of protest against arbitrariness. However, the attempt turned out to be a mistake, an illusion. And the hard work of thought led to complete inaction, inertia. These are the prerequisites for the creation by the poet in 1838 of his angry elegy, the theme of which is a critical analysis of his generation and a harsh sentence for him.
Reading by heart and interpretation
The next stage of the lesson is reading by heart and analyzing the poem "Duma". Lermontov, according to critic V. G. Belinsky, indicated in it the reasons for his own despondency, emptiness, disbelief in ideals, and the problems of his contemporaries. It is in them that the students, together with the teacher, will have to figure it out. Schoolchildren are asked a number of questions: determine the emotional mood of the work; identify its main lexico-semantic centers by indicating key words; indicate the artistic space of the poetic text. The teacher should try to reach the concept of "reflection" by analyzing the poem with the class"Thought". Lermontov, in fact, introduced a new hero into Russian literature - a reflective personality: a smart, thinking person who always and in everything doubts. Self-analysis, a critical perception of reality and oneself are a hallmark of him and the best part of the noble society. You should pay attention to the categories of pronouns in the poem and draw a conclusion: the Poet's conversation about time and about himself - that's what "Duma" is. Lermontov (we continue the analysis) rises from the personal “I” to the generalized “We”, fully sharing the responsibility for idleness, the meaninglessness of his life, mental and political apathy. He conveys the despair that gripped the noble youth, disbelief in their strengths and capabilities. This emotional plan determines the main poetics of the work.
Written work
You can look into the creative laboratory of the poet, to reveal how the "Duma" is built. Lermontov creates his own verse on the model of quatrains. Have students write down the last lines of each. What conclusion does the poet come to? What stylistic and artistic techniques does he use? What is achieved through them?
Final stage and conclusions
At this stage, you should sum up the lesson. Make, write down the necessary conclusions. Help students to formulate their views on the issues under consideration. Make connections with the present. Show on the example of the lesson the main motives of Lermontov's lyrics.
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