2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Museum! How much meaning in this word! And the number of rarities contained there is amazing, as well as their cost. Some exhibits have no price at all, because they have been preserved in a single copy for all mankind! What is a museum? From a scientific point of view, this is a socio-cultural institution where they collect, study, store all kinds of monuments of art, science and technology, as well as history and other spheres of human activity. As a rule, many museums are also engaged in enlightenment, exposing their precious exhibits to the public.
Where did museums come from?
Everything started once with private collections (they still exist). What is a museum? In the ancient period, the subject of "collection" were mainly works of art. In the Middle Ages, icons, church ammunition, relics of saints were collected. And the first scientific museums appear in Europe (the Renaissance). They are dominated by mineralsresearch tools, ethnographic objects. The first public museum in Russia is, of course, the Kunstkamera! The collection of Peter the Great is taken as the basis of her collection: weapons, engravings, paintings, sculptures of various peoples, as well as devices, machine tools, tools that the ruler was so interested in.
Classification and functions
By and large, all the museums of the world are divided according to the main type of human activity displayed in the exposition. So, there are historical, art history, technical, literary, scientific, research institutions. There are also mixed types of museums, and these are very common. For example, scientific and educational or historical and literary. There are museums tied to a certain area or a certain person. For example, the Aivazovsky Museum in the Crimea. All these institutions have certain functions related to education and upbringing, the formation of an aesthetic perception of the world around them, and the reflection of events that took place in society at one time. And also - with the organization of leisure, for example, schoolchildren or students. The level of development of "museum business" directly speaks of the cultural degree of development of the country and the people living in it. Because the way the population treats its past - whether it cherishes and honors it or consigns it to oblivion - has at all times been a defining moment for the future of peoples and countries.
Institution for collection and storage
What is a museum? The definition will give any dictionary or encyclopedia. In Greek, this is "the house of the Muses", thenthere is a room where the Muses dwell. Initially, this concept meant the very collection of art objects. Later - and the place (building) where the exhibits are located. With the development of the Internet, there are also virtual museums that exist only in electronic form. As well as excellent panoramas and excursions recorded on disks. Which, you see, is also very convenient. After all, this record can be viewed without leaving your home and without going anywhere! But still, speaking of what a museum is, we mean, first of all, an institution for collecting, storing and then displaying valuable exhibits to the public.
In Europe
From the 18th century to the present, public exhibitions have been an integral part of life in many countries. The first museum "to show" - British in London (1753). In those days, to visit it, it was necessary to register in writing! In France, the Louvre (1793) was the first public institution for people who wanted to look at the exhibits displayed in flasks that could not be touched, as they are now.
Most famous
1. Louvre. Located in France. This is one of the world's most visited museums, the third largest. Located on the banks of the Seine (right), in the heart of Paris. It is a French national museum. The most famous masterpieces stored there: "Mona Lisa" (painting of the great da Vinci), "Venus de Milo", "Nike of Samothrace" (ancient Greek sculptures).
2. Metropolitan. To understand what an exposition in a museum is - a real one,magnificent - it is necessary to visit this museum, located in New York. It is located in a park on Fifth Avenue. It was founded by a group of enthusiasts in 1870. Of the famous greatest exhibits exhibited there, artifacts from Egypt, figurines of Africa and the East, paintings by Monet and Leonardo.
3. Hermitage. It is located in Russia and has a huge collection of exhibits, numbering up to three million works, cultural monuments. This includes sculpture, painting, objects of applied art, and a jewelry gallery (gold and diamond storerooms). In general, to understand what a museum is, it is necessary to visit the Hermitage at least once in your life!
From the so-called "museums for adults" the most famous are Egyptian, British, Vatican Museum, National Gallery and some others.
What is a museum for children?
And among the most interesting children's institutions of this kind, the first place, perhaps, is the Steiger Toy Museum, which is located in the Czech Republic. It contains a unique collection for children that has been collected over the years. There are old Christmas decorations, tin soldiers, and more modern toys here. This institution is fully consistent with its task - to educate the younger generation through the study of history.
More on a children's theme: the Charles Perrault Museum in France, where children meet figures of fairy-tale characters made of wax; the Astrid Lindgren Museum in Sweden, as well as the Moomin Museum and the Magic Museum in England. All of them are beautiful in their own way, but there is one thing in common: childrenI don't want to leave!
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