2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Decorative (from Latin "decoro" - "decorate") painting is part of an architectural ensemble or a work of arts and crafts. Its main purpose is to decorate and emphasize the structure of a building or the function of an object, so decorative painting is closely related to works of applied art or architectural structures.
In the latter case, such painting is called monumental, not only because of its size, but also because of its connection with architecture, which most often bears the features of monumentalism. Both physically and in content, this painting is inseparable from the object for which it was performed, and this is its difference from easel painting. It is this functional connection that determines the plot, technique, form, and methods of performing a work of art.
Decorative painting in its development has several millennia. The oldest specimens were found on the walls of caves, and although it is not yet possible to determine the exact time of their application, scientists believe that they belong to the Paleolithic. These comparatively realistic images, scratched with sharp tools or inscribed in blacksoot and red clay, can no doubt be called painting. The genre painting of Ancient Egypt has a more developed look - murals of funerary structures depicting scenes of fishing, hunting, working life, and military operations. Despite many conventions in the depiction of figures, the drawings of the Egyptians are not devoid of realism and quite accurately convey the movements and characteristic poses of people, animals, and birds.
Decorative antique painting of Greece and Ancient Rome was widely used to decorate public and residential buildings, but at the same time it served religious and political purposes. Decorative compositions and picturesque ornaments placed on walls and vaults were greatly developed. Over time, the colored stones of the mosaic began to be supplemented with pieces of glass of various colors.
In Western Europe, the early period of the Middle Ages is characterized by the fact that decorative painting on the walls is replaced by painted glass - stained glass. This is due to the lack of light: until the 12th century, window openings in temples were small, and wall paintings were poorly lit. The stained glass windows, on the other hand, glowed with bright colors. In civil buildings, paintings were replaced by carpets that completely covered the cold stone walls. At first they were brought from the East, and then they began to make them in Europe. Mostly the plots reproduced religious themes, but gradually illustrations of chivalrous deeds, symbolic images of crafts and arts, virtues and vices began to appear, gradually they acquired artistic realism.
In Russia, fresco decorative painting was developed even earlier than in Western Europe. Having adopted its practice from Byzantium, the Russians immediately introduced their vision of the world into it. The abstract, conditional nature of Byzantine mosaics and frescoes was alien to Russian masters, they brought clarity and simplicity of expression of ideas to them. It is no coincidence that painting is a Russian word that indicates the realism of this art, its connection with living images. Monumental and decorative painting from ancient times to this day has been involved in the design of architectural space and the organization of an ideologically rich environment for a person.
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