2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Innovation in any field is an innovation, the invention of the new on the basis of the old, sometimes accompanied by the breaking of former traditions and foundations. Innovation is a special gift, the ability to invent and think progressively, if we talk about the quality of the human person.
Innovation in art
In art, innovation is always a collision with criticism, misunderstanding, even condemnation. However, without sculptors, painters, and innovative writers, culture would not have developed.
For example, Giotto di Bondone was the greatest innovator of his era. Since antiquity, it has been customary for figures on religious canvases and frescoes to float in the air. But the Florentine Giotto was the first to put them firmly on the ground. He also changed the spatial concept and relationship between the painting and the artist and between the painting and the viewer. Naturally, this innovation did not immediately meet with a warm response, although Giotto di Bondone was once recognized as a great master.
Innovators hit by criticism
Innovative painter Michelangelo Buonarotti was almost accused of heresy for his innovations. After all, he depicted the bodies of the saints not just naked, but with nothing coveredgenitals. Three decades later, the saints were "dressed" by other artists on the orders of the authorities. And only in 1994 the images were returned to their original appearance. Centuries have passed since then.
The sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (Enlightenment), the artist Théodore Géricault (the Romantic era) and many others suffered from criticism of their innovations in art.
Innovation in literature in Russia
From Latin novator is translated as “renovator”. Innovation is the enrichment of the literary process, its renewal, new discoveries and achievements in literature.
In Russian literature, the nineteenth century, its 50-60s, was the richest in innovative solutions. Then publicism and literary criticism flourished. In the 19th century, Russian literature became a trendsetter at the global level. It was actively discussed abroad. The 19th century is the century of the formation of the literary language in Russia, and Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin contributed to this in many ways. The poets of the Golden Age (as the 19th century is called in literature) began to rethink their work. A new quality appeared in poetry, poets tried to influence the minds of people for civil purposes, in order to improve their native country.
Prose also did not stand still. Gogol and Pushkin were the founders of new artistic types. This is Gogol's "little man", and Pushkin's "extra man", and others.
The nineteenth century ended with pre-revolutionary sentiments. The end of the century opens newnames - Leskov, Gorky, Ostrovsky and Chekhov.
Innovation of Chekhov Anton Pavlovich as a playwright
Anton Pavlovich updated the dramaturgy. He was against theatricality and unnaturalness. In his plays, people and life were shown as they are. He abandoned the effects of the old theater.
For example, the play "The Cherry Orchard" was absolutely new for the theatre. It was not a drama, but a lyrical comedy. There were no shots, external intrigue and a spectacular ending in the play. The whole idea rested on the general mood created by the totality of all the scenes. Chekhov did not give the play any complicating elements, he did not create the main character - a person around whom the conflict would unfold. Chekhov gives viewers and readers an understanding of the psychology of the characters. Lyricism, simplicity, pauses to enhance the effect and describe the landscape - all contribute to an increase in emotional perception.
Stanislavsky said that Chekhov on the stage owns the internal and external truth. Chekhov introduces omissions, understatements, as well as simple dialogues into his plays - just like in life.
This was an innovation for the Russian stage and literature.
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