2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
One of the oldest is the Romanesque style in architecture. The peak of its popularity falls on the 10th century, and it existed for more than 300 years. Readers may ask why in architecture. I answer: the Romanesque style first of all arose in this direction and, developing, reached significant heights. This name was given to him because of the significant similarity with ancient Roman architecture.
Romanesque style. Features
In X-XII it was the Romanesque style in architecture that covered the whole of Western Europe and some countries of the East. As a model, a Roman basilica was taken, the structure of which formed the basis of this direction. Perhaps for this reason, it was churches and castle buildings that were built in the Romanesque style. Their main feature was huge stone walls, towers and arches. Basically, the building looked like a fortified defensive structure. Because of her majesty, she fit perfectly intoany natural environment, massive walls and narrow small windows harmonized perfectly with the grayness of the stone. In general, the castle looked like a ready-made fortification for war or defense. R
Romanesque style in architecture differed from its predecessors in one feature - a donjon is a huge tower around which everything else was built. Thanks to such breading, temple-fortresses and castle-fortresses were most often built in those days.
Features:
- at the heart of the layout is a Roman basilica;
- increase in space;
- simplicity: marble floor, Venetian plaster walls, patterned tiles;
- the architects tried to show not the external beauty and splendor of the temple, but the beauty of the spirit, so they were not heavily decorated;
- built in the shape of a rectangle or cylinder;
- the height of the temple and the choir is increasing.
The transition from romance to gothic
The columns of the temples had a very important function as they supported the whole heavy construction of the temple, the stone walls. Arches, as obligatory elements, served not so much as an ornament, but as a sign of the power of the temple. This was the sculpture of the Romanesque style: a minimum of beauty and grandeur, but a maximum of simplicity and sincerity. Unlike the Gothic style that replaced it, all the elements were restrained and simple. Romanesque and Gothic styles were completely different.
The main advantage of the second one was the new gothic frame, which allowedto distribute the weight between the holders, and as a result, many elements of the temple ceased to perform the function of exclusively carriers. This discovery supplanted the Romanesque style in architecture. A well-known representative of the Gothic style is the Rhine Cathedral, which is distinguished by majesty and we alth. In fact, the Gothic became the exact opposite of the Romanesque, since the magnificent interior, the majesty of the outside, a lot of jewelry and sculptures were placed as opposed to Romanic modesty. As a result of the distribution of weight between the holders, most of the temple was freed from bulky columns. Gothic architecture reached its peak of popularity during the Middle Ages (end of the 12th - 16th centuries), and was replaced by the famous Renaissance style.
Romanesque and Gothic styles have contributed to the development of world architecture. The first showed that even modest architecture can be beautiful, and the second opened the world to a new Gothic framework.
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