The best works of Pasternak B.: list, interesting facts and reviews

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Boris Pasternak is a Russian poet and writer. He also owns the best translations of Shakespeare and other foreign classics. Pasternak was awarded the Nobel Prize. For which book did the Russian writer receive a prestigious award? And what role did this event play in his fate? Pasternak's works are the topic of the article.

Biography

Boris Pasternak was born in Moscow into a creative family. The father was an artist. Mother is a pianist. The Pasternak House was located in the very heart of the capital. From childhood, the future poet was surrounded by people of art. Famous writers, artists and musicians often visited the house. Once even Rilke himself visited the Pasternaks' apartment. Acquaintance with the German poet, composer Scriabin and other prominent people played an important role in the development of a creative personality.

Pasternak's works reflect the impressions he received as a child. Once he was hit by protesters who had gathered on Myasnitskaya Street. He wrote about this years later in one of his poems. The future poet graduated from high school with honors. The teachers were amazed by the tenacity and perseverance of the teenager. The desire for perfection did not leave him all his life.

Boris Pasternak graduated from the Faculty of Law in Moscow. Studied philosophy in Germany. With his parents, he visited Venice in 1912. Some of Pasternak's works, written at the beginning of the century, convey memories of a trip to Europe.

In 1921 the family left Russia. Parents and sisters settled in Berlin. The poet himself since 1936 lived intermittently in Peredelkino. The Russian writer and poet passed away in 1960. He was buried in a cemetery located near the writers' village in Peredelkino.

The beginning of creativity

After returning from Germany, the future poet decided to devote most of his time from now on to the study of philosophy. The beginning of his literary path also belongs to this period. Pasternak's early works were inspired by the work of Russian futurists. Among the poets who influenced the beginning writer, first of all, Vladimir Mayakovsky should be mentioned.

The most famous works of Pasternak, the list of which is presented below, were created after the revolution. But he published the first collection of his works in 1913. However, it included not only his creations, but also poems by other poets.

In 1916 the book "Over the Barriers" was published. By that time, Boris Pasternak was well known in literary circles as a poet. The works thatincluded in this collection: "Marburg", "Yard", "Winter Sky", "Happiness", "Echo", "Swifts", "Ural for the first time", "Ice drift", "Snowstorm" and others.

My sister is life

This collection was published in 1922. The works of Pasternak created during this period are united by a common idea. List of poems that are included in the collection "My sister is life":

1. "W altz with a tear".
2. "Life".
3. "February, get ink and cry!".
4. "Station".

Memories of childhood and adolescence Pasternak combined with lyrical works. The list above is certainly not complete. Most of the poems included in this collection were written back in 1917. And two years before its publication, Pasternak wrote the poems "The Nine Hundred and Fifth Year", "Spektorsky", "Lieutenant Schmidt".

Prose

At the end of the twenties, Boris Pasternak writes less and less poetry. He turns to prose. At first it was small essays, memoirs. In 1930, the book "Safety" was published. During this period, the authorities treated the writer very favorably. However, soon her attitude towards the future author of Doctor Zhivago changed.

In disgrace

Some time Pasternak treated Stalin with some respect and even admiration. After Gumilyov's arrest, he wrote him a letter in which he asked for the release of the poet. The request was fulfilled. The poet was soon released. But the relationship between Pasternak andSoviet power already in 1936 deteriorated. They began to demand from the poet an ideological content, which allegedly was not in his works. Pasternak, in turn, was unable to meet this demand. Tragic nuances began to appear more and more clearly in his poems.

Translations

In the forties, Boris Pasternak wrote less and less. Famous works of Shakespeare, Goethe, Schiller were translated by him. Thus, he saved his family from lack of money. But later he admitted that he spent his best years on translations, while he could create many more lyrical and prose works. Until the end of his days, the writer was in disgrace. There was no talk of publishing his works.

Pasternak, whose best works became known to Soviet readers only in the late eighties, was rehabilitated after his death. In 1988, Doctor Zhivago was first published in the Soviet Union. And only in the nineties did the poems written by Boris Pasternak enter the program.

Nobel Prize

For what work was the writer awarded this prestigious award? The novel "Doctor Zhivago", published in 1958, was read in the Soviet Union only by a limited circle of people. The Nobel Prize was awarded to the writer for his contribution to the development of the epic Russian novel. Soviet officials called the book "Doctor Zhivago" slanderous. The persecution has begun all over the country.

Pasternak was expelled from the Writers' Union. Prominent writers wrote angry articles about him, including Sergei Mikhalkov. Official representatives of Soviet prose demanded to deprivethe author of a scandalous citizenship novel and expel him from the country. Pasternak, to the delight of his enemies, would have been imprisoned, but he was too famous in Europe. It was surprising that the book was criticized by many. But almost none of them read it.

Later, the poet wrote the poem "Nobel Prize". For this essay he was summoned to the Lubyanka. This time, he was really threatened by the accusation of "treason." But, fortunately, everything worked out.

So, Pasternak became the second Russian Nobel laureate in literature. The first is Ivan Bunin. The novel, for which he was awarded the prize, caused a long-term scandal in the writer's homeland. What is the story that sparked so much hatred?

Doctor Zhivago

And the work, which caused a storm of indignation, tells the story of the fate of the son of a bankrupt businessman. The main character, Yuri Zhivago, is a descendant of a once rich family. But his father squandered all his fortune in revelry. The hero of the novel was taken in by the wife of Gromeko. Yuri grows up with their daughter Tonya, who will later become his wife.

Yuri became a doctor. Once, when he was still a student, he witnessed a tragic scene: a young girl made an attempt to kill the famous Moscow lawyer Komarovsky. This man once had a hand in the ruin of the dissolute Father Zhivago. Yuri forever remembered the girl who tried to shoot Komarovsky. Her name was Larisa. She became his lover years later, during the First World War, whenYuri worked as a doctor in one of the provincial hospitals.

The civil war turned everything upside down. Zhivago will return to Moscow, but the janitor Markel is now in charge of the house where he spent his youth. With Yuri, he now communicates differently. After all, there is a saying: who was nothing, he will become everything. Zhivago marries Markel's daughter and soon dies of a heart attack. In the last chapter of the novel, Zhivago's friends meet. One of them, Mikhail Gordon, meets Yuri's illegitimate daughter and compiles a collection of his poems. Among these poetic works:

1. "Hamlet".
2. "On Strastnaya".
3. "Wedding".
4. "Autumn".
5. White Night.
6. "Dawn".
7. Winter Night.
8. "Miracle".
9. Magdalene.
10. Bad Days.