2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Medieval comic theatrical genre - comedy. Farce is the strange child of two incompatible parents. If comedy is his mother, then the father who gave him his name was the church text, in which the farce was called inserts (translation - "stuffing") - Epistola cum farsa or Epistola farsita, however, there were many of them in hymns and even just in prayers. If we continue the comparison, considering family ties, then the tragedy so beloved by the ancient Roman population is not too far away. The farce in this case consisted in the fact that in the arena the poor tragedians were devoured by predatory animals to the cheerful cries of the audience. It is not for nothing that the saying is recalled that any action can only be a tragedy for the first time, repeated twice is already a farce. This is no longer convincing. So what is a farce?
So the term stuck with a little dramatic interlude in the 12th century. Farce - this is family problems, and the relationship of a servant and a master, and roguery, and the adventures of soldiers and students, any funny incidents from the life of both farm laborers and merchants, andjudges and officials.
The figurative series are full of comic situations, achieved by rather cheap means - with the help of brawls and squabbles. The development of the plot involves jumping from one place of action to another, there is no unity. The characters are not deeply revealed, the characters are mostly puns and witticisms. Topics are varied and borrowed most often from the surrounding everyday life. The staging facilities are the most primitive, since there is no preparation for the performances. By the end of the 15th century, the number of farces increased, and the genre flourished.
Farce is the heyday of French theater
French theater, for all its infancy, by the 12th century acquired some purely farcical features. Building on witty plot moves. Characters - the predecessor of Harlequin (Herlequin), alchemist, monk. The trilogy about Potilene, a solicitor, a trickster and a swindler, becomes especially famous. Author unknown. Villon, and de la Salle, and Blanche are also suspected. Edifying and political farces were composed by Queen Margo (of Navarre, the same one). Much later, farce constantly shone through in the comedies of the famous Moliere. For example, "Imaginary patient" or "Tricks of Scapen". The critical time for the development of the theater is the 17th century. The farce leaves the French scene. In its place, a full-fledged literary comedy triumphantly comes.
Farce is the father of Italian comedy
The farce, in itself not a very independent dramatic action, had a huge impact on the theatricalart of the whole world. Including Italy became a real home for farce, but eventually got a talented child - commedia dell'arte, with immortal masks of Colombina, Pantalone, Doctor and Harlequin.
Farce is the main genre on the stage of medieval Europe
Literature and other European countries left us examples of this genre as a legacy. In Germany, there were carnival games that castigated human weaknesses. In the 12th-15th centuries, the meistersingers (German poets-singers), especially those from Nuremberg, most often succeeded in composing farces. Like knights proud of their lineage, the Meistersingers were true professionals and respected the art of poetry as a craft. And in Spain, Cervantes worked. The most famous farces of his ingenious pen are "Two Talkers" and "The Theater of Miracles".
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