Piano technical internals

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

A piano is an instrument that has strings, keys and hammers in its device. These elements interact with each other. So the strings are in a vertical arrangement. And from the front, hammers hit them. The sound spectrum of the instrument has 88 tones.

Key systems

There are only four of them in the piano device.

1. Sonic. It is a string mechanism and a shield that creates resonance.
2. Percussion keyboard. It includes mechanical components and a keyboard.
3. Pedal. Formed by two elements (pedals). One amplifies, and the second weakens the sound. Some models have three pedals.
4. Case.

Back and futor

It's hard to imagine an external piano device without them. They support his strength and resilience.

The back side of the case is formed by a wooden frame, which is characterized by increased strength. In some modifications, a futor equipped with spacers can be arranged. Thanks to him, the tool gains strength.

The futor has a wider frame. It is located across the piano. Virbelbank joins it. It is a very dense board with many layers. For its manufacture, beech or maple is used.

The pegs are driven into it to stretch the strings.

Boost deck

From the front side, a special deck is glued to the footor with its edges to create resonance. It is a shield with a density of 1 cm. It is formed by several boards glued together.

Bars are glued on the back of the deck. Their location in relation to the wood fibers is perpendicular. Their material is high quality spruce. They are also called rips. They make the instrument sound more powerful.

Cast iron frame. Strings and pegs

It is firmly mounted on top of the specified deck on its extreme sides and to the footor. Type of fasteners - massive screws. The strings are stretched on it.

This instrument uses a cross-string mechanism. It has the following specifics of the positions and direction of the strings:

• bass elements follow diagonally from one body corner to another: from top left to bottom right;
• components of the middle spectrum are under item 1 and go to the bottom left corner.

On the underside of the piano device, the strings are bent twice next to the pins built into the pegs (the parts that direct impulses to the strings).

And the stronger the tension of the strings, the tighter they fit to the stays.

On their ends areloops. They are attached to the rear pins mounted on the underside of the frame.

Keyboard and damper technology

There is a special board in the front of the case. It's called a shtulrama. There is a piano key device on it. Side external consoles support this configuration.

Damper technology linked to the hammer action system and mounted on a single bed.

Pedal structure

It includes the following components.

1. The pedals themselves.
2. Tsugi.
3. Stocks.
4. Adjustment screws.

As already noted, there are models with 2 or 3 pedals. The first has a right and a left component. Secondly, they are complemented by the central component.

When you press the right element, all mufflers synchronously rise, and there is room for the strings. It turns out a continuous sound - legato.

If you press the left component, the mobile steering wheel moves. He shifts all the hammers to the strings. And there is a slight gap between them. The amplitude of the hammers becomes smaller, and their blows also weaken. As a result, the instrument sounds quieter.

In models with a third, central pedal, the moderator is turned on (a special bar with a gasket, marked with the letter “M” in the image).

When pressed, levers are activated. And the hammers are limited from the strings: between them there is a bar with a soft felt strip. In this piano mechanics, the hammers attack the strings through this plug. Andthen the sound is extremely weak.

Case parts

From the front side it is closed by two panels. One is under the keyboard. The second is above her.

The keys are covered by a powerful bar placed in the grooved cavities of the side walls. A folding valve is mounted to it with the help of hinges, to the inside of which a music stand is attached.

The top case cover is mounted on sliding hinges. During the game, it is allowed to open it to slightly increase the sound.

The wheels are attached to the lower part of the body. This is a measure for more comfortable movement of the instrument in the room.

Scheme one

It is shown below and represents the foreground of the piano device with explanations.

The numbers are as follows.

1. Side body walls.
2. Top cover.
3. Cast iron frame.
4. Rods for fixing and stretching strings.
5. A deck that resonates.
6. Hammers.
7. Steering wheel.
8. Fengers are brake pads that wrap around the hammer as it leaves the strings.
9. Keyboard mechanism.
10. Elements that fill the void between the last key and the tank.
11. Steg.
12. The lever of the left element in the pedal structure.
13. Tsugi of this system (item 12).
14. Pedal feet.
15. The plinth is a special shield that insulates the body from below and secures the pedal system.
16. Wheels.
17. Moderator.

Second scheme

It shows a side plandevices inside the piano

The numbers on it indicate the following elements.

1 – futor;

2 – virbelbank;

3 – deck for resonance;

4 – ripka;

5 – string;

6 – frame;

7 – stem;

8 - pegs;

9 - shtulram;

10 - side console;

11 – mechanism;

12 – keyboard system;

13 is her leist;

14 is her frame;

15 – pedal;

16 - pedal gear;

17 – frame of the first panel (top);

18 – second panel frame (bottom);

19 - keyboard flap;

20 - top cover;

21 – folding component;

22 - back frame;

23 – eaves;

24 - leg;

25 – plinth.

The most commonly used system in a piano has lower dampers. Its main component is the main transverse beam. The following capsules are mounted on it:

- cheat;

- figured levers from below;

- damper retainers.

There are also squares and a special rod. Thanks to them, all mufflers simultaneously rise from the strings. This happens when you press the right pedal.

Hammer tool

Without it, the internal structure of the piano is impossible. In turn, it consists of:

- shulter (flat block on which it is mounted);

-hammerstyle (bearing rod);

- heads;

- springs to soften the return of the hammer;

- felt;

-capsule;

- additional short rod;

- front schulter.

Principles of operation

The system with lower mufflers has a lower arm (figure). He wiggles in the capsule. It has a protruding part on the bottom. It is pushed by a pilot head (adjustable bolt) mounted on the rear end of the key.

At the top of the lever is equipped with a primer in which the pin (shulter pusher) moves smoothly. A spring pushes him away.

In static mode, its upper end follows the last, upholstered in leather.

If you press any key, the lever rises in tandem with the pin. He pushes the shulter. And the hammer head, moving in an arc, attacks the strings.

Because of these forward movements, the upper point of the spire deviates and comes out from under the schulter.

The hammer bounces off the strings. The counterfenger (special shoe) is fixed with the fenger's buffer. In parallel, the damper spoon deflects the corresponding lever. As a result, the muffler moves away from the strings, and they get room for sound.

If you release the key, the lever lowers in duet with the pin and enters under the shulter. At this moment, a rod mounted on the front end of the lever pulls it and the hammer back. So the hammer quickly and fully returns to calm conditions. In parallel, the hammerstil is located on the soft zone of the support bar. At this time, the spring depresses the muffler, and it focuses on the strings. And their hesitation stops.

Digital Piano

Today it has a huge popularity due to its functionality. In addition, it is much lighter than its classic counterpart in terms of weight.

In the device of a digital piano there is not such an abundance of subtleties of the mechanism. The sound is produced thanks to a special circuit.

The keyboard here is equipped with a hammer action system. The specificity lies in the shape of the keys. And during the game, the performer feels the return from the beating of the hammer on the strings. Although these parts are not inside the tool. This is an effect for more natural sound.