Writer Yuri Nagibin: biography, personal life, famous works

2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, whose biography is presented in this article, is a famous writer and screenwriter. The years of his life - 1920-1994. He was born in Moscow on April 3, 1920. Kirill Alexandrovich, the father of the future writer, was shot shortly before the birth of Yuri - he participated in the White Guard uprising in the Kursk province. Kirill Alexandrovich managed to "bequeath" Ksenia Alekseevna, his pregnant wife, to a friend Mark Leventhal. He adopted Yuri, who only in his mature years found out who his real father was. Soon Mark Leventhal was also repressed (he was exiled). The second stepfather for Yuri Markovich was Yakov Rykachev. He was the first literary teacher of the future writer, who awakened in him a taste for verbal creativity.

Study, war years

Nagibin graduated from high school with honors in 1938, and then continued his studies at the Moscow Medical Institute. He did not have an interest in the medical profession, and he decided to go to VGIK, to the screenwriting department. finishInstitute, however, failed. VGIK at the beginning of the war was evacuated to Alma-Ata, and Yuri Nagibin was drafted into the army. He was sent to the political administration department on the Volkhov Front in the autumn of 1941. His first stories appeared in print shortly before the war. These are Double Fault (1940) and Knut (1941).

In 1942, Yuri Markovich was on the Voronezh front, he was an "instructor-writer". In the same year he was admitted to the Writers' Union of the USSR. Nagibin's front-line duties were as follows: broadcasting, publishing propaganda leaflets, and analyzing enemy documents. He was twice shell-shocked at the front, and after recovering for he alth reasons, he was commissioned. After that, Yuri Nagibin worked in the newspaper Trud as a war correspondent. His front-line experience was reflected in the stories published in 1943 in the collection "A Man from the Front", in 1944 - "Two Forces" and "Big Heart", and in 1948 - "The Grain of Life".

Friendship with Andrey Platonov

In the late 40s - early 50s, Yuri Nagibin became friends with Andrei Platonov (years of life - 1899-1951). As he later recalled in his autobiography, as a result, the whole period of his literary studies was marked by the fact that his stepfather etched Platonov from his phrases.

Nagibin becomes famous

In the early 1950s, Nagibin became famous as an author. Readers have noticed such stories as "Pipe" (1952), "Komarov" and "Winter Oak" (both written in 1953), "Chetunov" (1954year), "The Night Guest" (1955). And "Light in the Window" and "Khazar Ornament", published in 1956 in Literary Moscow, aroused anger in the party press (together with A. Yashin's "Leverage"). But literally a year later, stories made according to the laws of socialist realism were published in the Library of Ogonyok, and the writer was "rehabilitated." Yury Kuvaldin noted that Nagibin had to constantly balance on the verge of orthodoxy and dissent.

Cycles of works by Nagibin

Most of Yuri Markovich's stories, united by "cross-cutting" characters, a common theme and image of the narrator, make up cycles: historical and biographical, hunting, military, a cycle of travel stories, etc. The author for many years was considered mainly as a novelist who strives to in small talk about big.

War Cycle

Nagibin's military stories are marked by the search for an individual author's style. In the last, 11-volume, collected works, the author included the best of them, among which the following can be noted: "The Signalman Vasiliev" (first published in 1942 in the newspaper "Red Star" under the name "Line"), "On Khortitsa", " Translator" (1945), "Vaganov" (1946). In addition, military material was used by Yuri Markovich in the following stories: 1957 "The Way to the Front Line", 1959 "Pavlik" and 1964 "Far from the War". Unleashing heroismof a simple soldier and military everyday life becomes more and more dramatic and psychologically profound, relief and subtlety appear in the contours of characters. Among the works of this subject, the story "Pavlik" stands out. Its main character overcomes the fear of death with the help of reason.

"Hunting" cycle

The "hunting" cycle took shape over a decade - from 1954 to 1964. It includes over twenty stories. They owe their birth to the landscapes of the surroundings of Lake Pleshcheyevo and Meshchera. Yuri Nagibin's stories are noticeably influenced by the classical tradition in literature dating back to Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter. The story is told in the first person. These are such works by Yuri Nagibin as "The Chase" and "The Night Guest" (1962), "The Newlyweds" and "Meshcherskaya Side" (1964). Here Nagibin acts as a subtle artist of the natural world and a tester of people's characters in the natural environment. In the relationship between nature and man, both the ecological side and the social and moral side are considered.

Village theme, first film script

These stories prepared the development of the village theme. The observations and materials of the post-war journalistic years, the time of the creation of essays on collective farm life for Smena, Socialist Agriculture, Trud, and Pravda, were used. As a result, in 1962, the story "Pages of Trubnikov's Life" appeared. It was she who became the basis of the script forfilm "Chairman", directed by A. S altykov in 1964. This film was a real highlight. Behind the clashes of Semyon Siluyanov and Yegor Trubnikov, people obsessed with their ideas, one could read the clash of two opposing systems of views, life principles - individualistic and social.

New script

Yuri Markovich's work organically fit into the tendencies of rural prose, which were gaining momentum in the 1950s-1960s. However, immediately after the release of the first picture, Yuri Nagibin tried to repeat the cinematic success. Films based on his scripts began to appear one after another. Yuri Markovich soon proposed a draft of a new painting "Director". The author in the application directly stated that, by the will of fate, at one time he entered the family of Ivan Likhachev, one of the founders of the automotive industry in our country, a former Chekist and revolutionary sailor, a party nominee. Yuri Nagibin married his daughter. Thus, the plot was based on the life of father-in-law Nagibin, whose affair with his wife, that is, with his mother-in-law, would be frankly described by Yuri Nagibin a little later.

The biography of the writer is of interest to many, especially his personal life, which should be discussed separately.

Personal life of Nagibin

Yuri Markovich was married six times. One of his spouses was Bella Akhmadulina. Yuri Markovich said that with every woman he was happy in his own way. Each of them brought something special to his life, as Yuri Nagibin admitted. Wife Alla Grigoryevna, translator - the last wife of the writer - lived with himthe longest. They were happy together for almost 25 years. Nagibin expressed his love for her in a romantic tale called "The Blue Frog's Tale", which we will talk about a little later.

Continue work on scripts

During the creation of the first version of the film "Director" Yevgeny Urbansky, a famous actor, died. The second version, filmed after a long break, was not much remembered. Nevertheless, Nagibin continued to create scenarios that were profitable at the time. Akira Kurosawa, a well-known Japanese director, based on his script adaptation of the work of Vladimir Arsenyev, made the film "Dersu Uzala", which was awarded an Oscar (albeit for directorial work). Yuri Nagibin had more than thirty paintings in total: "Girl and Echo", "Indian Kingdom", "Tchaikovsky", "The Slowest Train", "Red Tent", "Kalman's Mystery" and others.

"Urban" cycles

Writer Yuri Nagibin did not limit himself to industrial and rural themes. He also created city cycles, which made up the following books: "Clean Ponds" (1962), "Book of Childhood" (years of creation - 1968-1975), "Lane of my childhood" (published in 1971). Here Yuri Nagibin refers to the origins of the formation of the character of Serezha Rakitin, his lyrical hero, as well as his generation as a whole.

Not only the background, but also the "hero" of the cycle becomes Moscow itself with its urban customs and way of life. in multitudefurther journalistic articles developed the theme of the capital. They were collected in the 1987 book "Moscow … How much is in this sound." He considered this city his only affection, although Nagibin traveled almost the whole world, with the exception of South America. He lived in Moscow almost all his life. Yuri Markovich was an excellent connoisseur of the history of the squares, lanes and streets of the capital. It is no coincidence that his last book was "The Flash Ringing" - a work dedicated to his native city. The success of Nagibin's works in the 60s and 70s is generally due to the natural sincerity of intonations, lyrical confession, clarity and lightness of the style, rich metaphor, unusual rhythmic structure with a final chord, in which the story told from a moral and ethical point of view was necessarily assessed.

Creativity Theme

In the 1970s, Yuri Nagibin was attracted by the theme of creativity based on historical, cultural and contemporary material. This was reflected in the cycle of artistic micro-epics "Eternal Companions" (years of creation - 1972-1979). Their heroes were Lermontov, Pushkin, Archpriest Avvakum, Tchaikovsky, Tyutchev, Annensky, Rachmaninov and others. These works are not particularly original. According to the author himself, he was not brought closer, but only repelled from the task by complete knowledge of the material. Creative flight appeared when the memory was freed from the facts that fettered the imagination. In order to recreate the "spiritual landscape", it was necessary, first of all, to rely on"first vision", on feelings and "memory of sight". Hence the accusations of authorial arbitrariness and subjectivism.

Love in the work of Nagibin

Among the stable themes of Nagibin's work, which varied in different ways at different times, are diverse and vibrant love, as well as the drama of missed or failed happiness. Whether Nagibin wrote a fairy tale or a realistic thing, in the relationship between a man and a woman he developed a fairly stable system of characters: he is always defenseless and vulnerable, and she is more stable and stronger in this world. In the early 1980s, light prose with nostalgic motifs was replaced by great acuteness and topicality, tragic tension, and a tendency to social and philosophical digressions. His satire with parody and farce, as well as erotica, came as a surprise. "Tales of the Blue Frog" is the confession of "a frog with a human memory and longing", which he has left from his former life. And his beloved in posthuman existence turned into a graceful roe deer. Critics condemned Nagibin's new prose for "lack of moral certainty".

Latest works

"The Blue Frog" in the last years of his life not only changed his skin once again, but turned himself inside out. The author, with a demonstrative self-disclosure, not devoid of buffoonish narcissism, showed the most hidden pages of his own biography. He decided to recreate the story of his father's life and his relationship to this man ("Get up and go", 1987),remembered his first love in the 1994 work "Daphnis and Chloe …". In the same year, he described his affair with his mother-in-law in the book "My Golden Mother-in-Law", and also left a testamentary story called "Darkness at the End of the Tunnel", an extremely pessimistic one. The 1995 "Diary", published posthumously, is full of extreme frankness and impartial assessments of the writer's entourage.

Death of Nagibin

On June 17, 1994, Yuri Markovich Nagibin died in Moscow. His biography is still interesting to many today. It is his last works that continue to be popular with our contemporaries. Critics break spears from time to time, discussing the books of Yuri Nagibin. For example, Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Viktor Toporov were seen in "nagibin fighting".