2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Composition in music is a term in musicology for embodied musical works that have been created and completed. Also called "opus".
From Latin, this concept is translated as “composition”, “composition”.
The completeness of the compositions differs from the musical works of folk art and improvisation, which are characterized by a constant change in the original melody. For example, such genres include oriental, jazz and folk music.
Composition in music is, first of all, the presence of the author who created it - the composer. In addition, the composition is characterized by:
- purposeful creative activity of the author;
- separability of the work from the creator;
- the ability to embody the content exactly in accordance with the established objectified sound structure;
- systematic music theory;
- presentation in a special area of knowledge (composition course).
- presence of a complex apparatus of technical means.
In addition, in music, musical composition is the useperfect notation for written fixation. Notation - special graphic symbols that help to record musical works in writing.
Origin of the concept
This musical term, along with the status of a composer, firmly took its position back in the Renaissance (Renaissance), when the idea of freedom of the individual as a creator and creator was developing extremely quickly.
Composition in music is a stable musical and artistic whole. It has an unambiguous reproduction of all the main components. In music, the best compositions are based on the following parameters:
- rhythm;
- dynamics (sound volume, character of performance);
- pitch;
- temp.
The stability of such a piece of music allows you to reproduce its sound exactly, regardless of how much time has passed since the creation. However, the composition always implies compliance with certain performance conditions.
Other objects of this type of art, such as folk songs, dance compositions in music (dances, round dances) and actions, were intended to accompany natural life processes (work, seasonal holidays, childbirth, weddings, funerals, etc.). A composition, unlike such music, does not imply any action, it is a work of art that requires special visual and auditory perception.
Polysemy of the term
From ancient timestime, a single musical composition and the idea of it was based on a textual or dance-rhythmic foundation.
As described above, this term is derived from Latin. Previously, the ancient concept was used - melopeya.
Words formed from the verb componere were found in literary works of the medieval period, various treatises, starting from the 9th century.
This word at various times meant:
- Masterful chorale composition (componenda). Chorales are choral polyphonic works in the Protestant and Catholic churches or a piece of music in the same form.
- Polyphonic music (musica composita). The term refers to complex music, which includes many components.
- Composer.
- Noted counterpoint (cantus librum cantare, which means "to sing over a book"). Counterpoint - the harmonious sound of several different melodies, voices at the same time. By the 16th century knowledge of counterpoint varied to the new term ars componedi.
- Theoretical and practical sections of music (musica theoretica, musica practica).
The Science of Composition
Starting from the 17th century, knowledge of composition gradually transformed into a whole science. It includes:
- musical form;
- instrumentation (a section of musical theory that tells about the properties of various instruments and how to arrange music for playing in orchestras, chamber ensembles and choirs);
- polyphony(polyphony);
- harmony.
Over time, music as an art form has moved towards artistic autonomy. At the same time, the formation of the composition, the idea of it as a form in music, took place. At the same time, it is based on a special musical base:
- tonality;
- modulation;
- functions;
- thematic;
- motives.
- development moves;
- contrast of song structures.
Theorists who study composition give a special place in music to the sonata cycle.
Sonata cycle is a form of a piece of music in which one of the parts is usually presented in sonata form. Other such genres include trio, quartet, symphony.
Following these traditions, we can say that composition in music is a science with a set of theoretical knowledge and practical instructions for creating a piece of music. A training course that outlines this information can still be taken in special educational institutions today. Only now it is called "essay".
On the basis of the general doctrine of composition, textbooks were compiled.
There is still no single general doctrine of composition that could generalize all its aspects. The concept affects many separate directions and techniques, from tone-thematic letters to composition methods (absolutely unconventional interpretations).
New discipline
Such methods by the 21st century led to the emergence of a new subject - the theory of modern composition.
It includes suchmusical phenomena like:
- sonorics (contains information about timbre sonorities);
- aleatoric (includes loose audio text);
- serialism (this method is related to serial technique from dodecaphony).
Literary essays on composition
These include:
- "Musian Grammar" by Nikolai Diletsky.
- "A Practical Guide to Composing Music" by I. L. Fuchs.
- "Initial course of practical composition" by M. F. Gnesin.
The best compositions of classical music
If we talk about composition as a finished piece of music, there are many pieces in Russian music that remain relevant at any time. These are the best works by P. I. Tchaikovsky, M. I. Glinka, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, S. V. Rachmaninoff and other famous Russian composers.
The best works are considered to be:
- The Nutcracker Ballet (Flower W altz, Chinese Dance, Dragee Fairy Dance), W altz from Tchaikovsky's The Sleeping Beauty, and his Piano Concertos.
- Opera "Prince Igor" by A. P. Borodin (aria of Prince Igor, choir of girls "Fly away on the wings of the wind").
- Overture "Night in Madrid", symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya" by M. I. Glinka.
- "Piano Concerto No. 2", "Italian Polka" by S. V. Rachmaninoff.
- Ballets "Romeo and Juliet", "Cinderella", opera "Love for Three Oranges", cantata "Alexander Nevsky" by S. S. Prokofiev.
Of course, only a small part of the works of Russian composers is listed here. There are many other equally famous pieces of music.
Foreign music
Music from other countries is also extremely rich and varied. L. V. Beethoven, J. S. Bach, W. A. Mozart, A. Vivaldi, F. Chopin, F. Schubert, E. Grieg, J. Brahms are considered to be the creators of the greatest compositions of foreign music.
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