2024 Author: Leah Sherlock | [email protected]. Last modified: 2023-12-17 05:25
Fairy tale is an integral part of childhood. There is hardly a person who, being small, did not listen to many different stories. Having grown up, he retells them to his children, who understand them in their own way, drawing in the imagination the images of the acting characters and experiencing the emotions that the fairy tale conveys.
What is a fairy tale? What are fairy tales? It is these questions that we will try to answer further.
Definition
According to the scientific definition in literature, a fairy tale is "an epic literary genre, a story about some magical or adventurous events, which has a clear structure: beginning, middle and ending." From any fairy tale, the reader must learn some lesson, a moral. Depending on the type, the fairy tale also performs other functions. There are many genre classifications.
Main types of fairy tales
What are fairy tales? Each of us will agree that a separate species is worthhighlight stories about animals. The second type is fairy tales. And finally, there are the so-called household tales. All species have their own characteristics, which become clear through their comparative analysis. Let's try to understand each of them in more detail.
What are the stories about animals?
The existence of such stories is quite justified, because animals are creatures that live with us in close proximity. It was this fact that influenced the fact that folk art uses images of animals, and the most diverse ones: both wild and domestic. At the same time, attention should be paid to the fact that the animals found in fairy tales are presented not as typical animals, but as special animals endowed with human features. They live, communicate and behave like real people. Such artistic techniques allow you to make the image understandable and interesting, while filling it with a certain meaning.
In turn, fairy tales about animals can also be divided into fairy tales involving wild or domestic animals, objects or objects of inanimate nature. Often literary critics, speaking about what genres of fairy tales are, classify them into magical, cumulative and satirical. Also included in this classification is the genre of the fable. You can divide fairy tales about animals into works for children and for adults. Often in a fairy tale there is a person who can play a dominant or secondary role.
Usually with fairy tales about animals childrenThey meet at the age of three to six. They are most understandable to young readers, as they meet regular characters: a cunning fox, a cowardly hare, a gray wolf, a smart cat, and so on. As a rule, the main feature of each animal is its characteristic feature.
What are the constructions of fairy tales about animals? The answer is very different. Cumulative fairy tales, for example, are selected according to the principle of plot connection, where the same characters meet, just in different circumstances. Often the heroes of fairy tales have names in a diminutive form (Chanterette-Sister, Bunny-Runner, Frog-Quakushka, and so on).
The second kind is a fairy tale
What are literary fairy tales about magic? The main characteristic feature of this species is the magical, fantastic world in which the main characters live and act. The laws of this world are different from the usual, everything is not as it really is, which attracts young readers and makes this type of fairy tale undoubtedly the most beloved among children. The magical setting and storyline allow the author to use all their imagination and use as many appropriate artistic techniques as possible, in order to create a work specifically for a children's audience. It's no secret that children's imaginations are limitless, and it's very, very difficult to satisfy them.
In most cases, this kind of fairy tale has a typical plot, certain characters and a happy ending. What are fairy tales about magic? It can be stories about heroes and fantasticcreatures, tales of unusual objects and various trials that are overcome thanks to magic. As a rule, in the finale, the characters get married and live happily ever after.
Note that the heroes of fairy tales embody many positive qualities. Among the main themes of this literary genre is the struggle between good and evil, the struggle for love, truth and other ideals. There must be a negative hero who will be defeated in the final. The structure of the tale is the usual - the beginning, the main part and the ending.
Everyday tales
Such stories tell about the events of ordinary life, highlighting various social problems and human characters. In them, the author ridicules negative human qualities. Such fairy tales are social and satirical, with elements of a fairy tale and many others. Here, the negative qualities of the rich and vain people are ridiculed, while the representatives of the people embody positive traits. Everyday fairy tales show that the main thing is not money and strength, but kindness, honesty and intelligence. Literary critics claim - and this is a fact - that they were written at a time when people were going through social crises and were striving to change the structure of society. Satire, humor, laughter stand out among the popular artistic techniques here.
What types of fairy tales are there?
In addition to the above classification, fairy tales are also divided into copyright and folk. Already from the names it is clear that the author's are fairy tales that were written by a specific well-known writer-storyteller, and the folk ones are those that do not haveone author. Folk tales are passed from mouth to mouth from generation to generation, and the original author is unknown to anyone. Let's consider each of the types separately.
Folk Tales
Folk tales are considered to be a powerful source of historical facts, information about the life and social system of a certain people. Each of the peoples in their history has come up with a huge number of instructive stories for adults and children, passing on their experience and wisdom to the next generations.
Folk tales reflect human relationships and changing moral principles, show that the basic values remain unchanged, teach to draw a clear line between good and evil, joy and sorrow, love and hate, truth and falsehood.
A feature of folk tales is that in a simple and easy to read text, the deepest social meaning is hidden. In addition, they preserve the richness of the vernacular. What folk tales are there? They can be both magical and household. Many folk tales are about animals.
The question often arises of when the first Russian folk tale was invented. This will surely remain a mystery, and one can only speculate. It is believed that the first "heroes" of fairy tales were natural phenomena - the Sun, the Moon, the Earth, and so on. Later, they began to obey man, and images of people and animals entered the tales. There is an assumption that all Russian folk narratives have a real basis. In other words, some event was retold in the form of a fairy tale, changed over time.centuries and has come down to us in the form to which we are accustomed. What are Russian folk tales, figured out. It's time to talk about fairy tales whose authors are well known to readers.
Author's tales
Usually, a work of authorship is a subjective processing of a folk story, however, new stories are quite common. The characteristic features of the author's fairy tale are psychologism, sublime speech, bright characters, the use of fairy tale clichés.
Another feature of this genre is that it can be read at different levels. Thus, the same story is perceived differently by representatives of different age groups. Charles Perrault's children's tales seem to a child an innocent story, while an adult will find serious problems and morals in them. Often, books that are originally aimed at a young reader are interpreted by adults in their own way, just as fantasy stories for adults are to the taste of children.
Who are they, the authors of fairy tales? Surely everyone has heard of "The Tales of My Mother Goose" by Charles Perrault, the tales of the Italian Gozzi, the works of the German writer Wilhelm Hauff, the Brothers Grimm and the Danish storyteller Hans Christian Andersen. We must not forget about the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin! Their stories are adored by children and adults around the world. Entire generations grow up on these fairy tales. At the same time, all author's works are interesting from the point of view of literary criticism, they all fall under a certain classification, have their own artistic features andauthor's methods. Films and cartoons are made based on the most famous and beloved fairy tales.
Conclusion
So, we figured out what fairy tales are. Whatever the tale is - author's, folk, social, magical or telling about animals - it will definitely teach the reader something. The most interesting thing is that it does not matter at all who reads the story. Both adults and children will definitely learn something useful from it. The fairy tale will make everyone think, convey the wisdom of the people (or the author) and leave an indelible good impression in the minds of readers. The effect is by no means exaggerated. There are even so-called therapeutic fairy tales that can re-educate and wean from a variety of bad habits!
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